Browsing by Subject "Corporate governance"

Now showing 1 - 18 of 18
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    Are CEO experience and financial expertise associated with financial restatements?
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2021) Rezaee, Zabihollah; Asiaei, Kaveh; Safdel Delooie, Toktam
    This study examines whether and how Chief Executive Officer (CEO) experience and financial expertise affect financial restatements (FR) by investigating a sample of Iranian listed companies from 2008 to 2017. We define experienced CEOs as those who are hired from inside the firm and financial expert CEOs as those who hold an accounting qualification or have work experience as an auditor, chief financial officer (CFO), controller, and or other accounting-related positions. We find that FR is positively associated with insider CEOs (CEOs with more internal experience), and negatively associated with CEO financial expertise. Moreover, we find that CEO experience is negatively associated with FR when the CEO is a financial expert. This result highlights the importance of financial background for senior executives. Further, our results show that insider CEOs can improve the financial reporting quality through reducing FR when they have higher decision-making power. This study contributes to the literature on CEO characteristics and financial reporting. The results provide important implications for policymakers and the board of directors in emerging economies regarding the requirement to appoint top managers with financial expertise.
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    Audit Committee Competence and Earnings Management in Europe
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Zarza Herranz, César; Reguera Alvarado, Nuria; López Iturriaga, Félix J.
    This study analyses the association between the competence of audit committee members and earnings management in a sample of 142 non-financial firms from France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom over the 2006–2013 period. We measure members’ competence through their dedication and expertise. We find that outside directorships have a dual effect, such that a balanced level of dedication to the audit committee (roughly two outside directorships) reduces earnings management. We examine four types of expertise: audit, non-audit accounting, non-accounting financial, and supervisory expertise. We find a negative relation between earnings management and the audit experience of committee members, and that the other types of expertise play no relevant role. We also find that the contribution of audit experts to curbing earnings management proves particularly important in smaller and less active committees, as well as in smaller and busier boards.
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    Auditoría interna y deficiencias de la información financiera en el sector bancario español
    (2015) Marín Hernández, Salvador; Gras Gil, Ester; García-Pérez de Lema, Domingo
    La auditoría interna (AI) ha cobrado un papel trascendental en la regulación sobre el gobierno corporativo. En este sentido, se le otorga un papel fundamental en la calidad de la información financiera como supervisora de la fiabilidad de la misma. El presente trabajo analiza si la estructura y las características de la AI afectan a las deficiencias de la información contable. Para ello hemos analizado los departamentos de AI de las entidades financieras españolas, utilizando una muestra de 47 entidades, para el periodo 2006-2010. Nuestros resultados muestran que existen unas aracterísticas de la AI que contribuyen a que la entidad presente menos deficiencias de la información financiera: la formación de los auditores internos y la independencia de la AI.
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    Corporate Governance and Reliability of Financial Reporting in Central Government Agencies
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) Arcas-Pellicer, María-José; Pina, Vicente; Torres, Lourdes
    The objective of this paper is to determine the effects of the corporate governance practices of central government agencies on the reliability of nancial reporting. There has been a considerable growth of these agencies across countries, and there are no studies about the relationship between the features of their corporate governance and the level of reliability of their financial reports. This paper provides evidence of systematic upward earnings management by agencies that apply the Private Sector Chart of Accounts to improve their financial performance and to compensate for the reduction of revenues during the worst years of the financial crisis. The results also show that abnormal accruals have a significant and inverse relationship with the percentage of independent directors and women on the boards, i.e., diversity improves the reliability of the financial information of these entities.
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    Corporate governance effect on financial distress likelihood: Evidence from Spain
    (2016) Manzaneque, Montserrat; Priego, Alba María; Merino, Elena
    The paper explores some mechanisms of corporate governance (ownership and board characteristics) in Spanish listed companies and their impact on the likelihood of financial distress. An empirical study was conducted between 2007 and 2012 using a matched-pairs research design with 308 observations, with half of them classified as distressed and non-distressed. Based on the previous study by Pindado, Rodrigues, and De la Torre (2008), a broader concept of bankruptcy is used to define business failure. Employing several conditional logistic models, as well as to other previous studies on bankruptcy, the results confirm that in difficult situations prior to bankruptcy, the impact of board ownership and proportion of independent directors on business failure likelihood are similar to those exerted in more extreme situations. These results go one step further, to offer a negative relationship between board size and the likelihood of financial distress. This result is interpreted as a form of creating diversity and to improve the access to the information and resources, especially in contexts where the ownership is highly concentrated and large shareholders have a great power to influence the board structure. However, the results confirm that ownership concentration does not have a significant impact on financial distress likelihood in the Spanish context. It is argued that large shareholders are passive as regards an enhanced monitoring of management and, alternatively, they do not have enough incentives to hold back the financial distress. These findings have important implications in the Spanish context, where several changes in the regulatory listing requirements have been carried out with respect to corporate governance, and where there is no empirical evidence regarding this respect.
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    Do auditors mitigate earnings manageme nt during economic crisis?
    (2019) Reguera Alvarado, Nuria; Fuentes, Pilar de; Laffarga, Joaquina
    This paper addresses earnings management from an international perspective. This study particularly ana-lyzes whether external auditing reduces earnings managements and, if so, whether this relationship isaffected by the economic crisis. The study employs a cross-country approach. The sample has 3,830 obser-vations from listed firms from the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, France and Spain duringthe period 2005–2009. Panel data are used to verify the research hypotheses. The findings show that ex-ternal auditing is an important mechanism to minimize earnings management. In this sense, the Big Fourand auditor specialization helped to reduce earnings managements during the economic crisis. Moreover,long audit tenure does not contribute to mitigating discretionary accruals. The study includes implicationsfor academia, practitioners, and policymakers. It provides the literature with complementary evidence onthe external auditing and earnings management relationship and how this is influenced by the economiccrisis. The article benefits practitioners and policymakers by highlighting the most important character-istics of audit firms related to the mitigation of earnings managements. In addition, this study considersthe recent economic crisis as an important economic factor. Given that the crisis affected most countriesaround the world and caused structural changes within companies, information about the consequences ofthe crisis and how to deal with them is an important empirical question.
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    Do investors react to corporate governance news? An empirical analysis for the Spanish market
    (SAGE Publications, 2015-06-06) Callado Muñoz, Francisco José; Utrero González, Natalia; Organización de Empresas y Finanzas
    This work adds to the debate on corporate governance regulations and its effects on performance and firm value. The paper empirically tests whether there is a significant price reaction to corporate governance announcements following the publication of the Aldama Code of Best practice (2003) in Spain. In particular, news announcements are classified according to the code principles to distinguish among different dimensions of corporate governance and have a better understanding of investors’ reaction. Results show first, that investors react to this kind of practices, second, that the sign of their reaction depends crucially on the nature and extension of the recommendation and finally that firms that disclose more do not enjoy higher market prices or return on the medium-long term.
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    Factores explicativos del Buen Gobierno en la empresa española
    (2012) Caravaca Sánchez, Pablo; Sánchez Ballesta, Juan Pedro; García Meca, Emma
    El presente estudio analiza empíricamente el grado de cumplimiento de varias recomendaciones relativas al consejo de administración establecidas por el Código Unificado de Buen Gobierno de las sociedades españolas cotizadas, y sus factores determinantes durante los años 2007 y 2008. Los resultados evidencian que aquellas empresas con mayor proporción de consejeros independientes y de presencia de mujeres en el consejo presentan un mejor índice de cumplimiento
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    La función de la auditoría interna en las cajas de ahorros españolas
    (2007) Arcenegui Rodrigo, José A.; Molina Sánchez, Horacio
    Hoy día la función de auditoría interna es clave en el esquema de gobierno corporativo de las entidades financieras. Esta investigación tiene dos objetivos. En primer lugar, pretendemos describir el grado de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones del Comité de Basilea por parte de las cajas de ahorros españolas en un momento anterior a la regulación de aspectos sustanciales del gobierno de estas entidades (como por ejemplo, la figura del comité de auditoría) por parte de la Ley Financiera. En segundo lugar, identificamos las diferencias existentes entre las entidades atendiendo a su dimensión. El método empleado ha sido una encuesta a las entidades, obteniéndose respuesta de 42 de las 47 entidades. Los resultados obtenidos presentan la situación de los departamentos de auditoría interna y confirman que, en un número significativo de aspectos, la dimensión de las entidades influye en el grado de implantación de los estándares emitidos por el Comité de Basilea
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    Gobierno corporativo y deficiencias de la información contable
    (2007) Callao Gastón, Susana; Gasca Galán, María del Mar; Jarne Jarne, José Ignacio
    Basándonos en las empresas cotizadas en el mercado español, el presente trabajo aporta evidencia empírica sobre la relación existente entre el gobierno y propiedad empresariales y la calidad de la información. Los resultados del análisis univariante muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre empresas con y sin deficiencias en la información, en variables relacionadas con la separación entre gobierno y dirección y la concentración de la propiedad. La regresión multivariante muestra una relación significativa y negativa entre nivel de calidad y grado de separación entre gobierno y dirección, y positiva respecto a la concentración de la propiedad. Por otro lado, la situación económica es peor en las empresas con peor calidad de información.
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    Gobierno corporativo y rendición de cuentas: ¿existe algún efecto sobre la performance empresarial?
    (2012) Acero Fraile, Isabel; Alcalde Fradejas, Nuria
    El artículo analiza el efecto que la estructura de los consejos de administración y la divulgación de información de responsabilidad social corporativa ejercen sobre la performance empresarial. A partir de un modelo dinámico estimado mediante el método generalizado de momentos (MGM), y utilizando una muestra de 171 sociedades españolas cotizadas en el periodo 2004-2008, se constata que no existe ningún efecto de la estructura de gobierno corporativo y la rendición de cuentas sobre la performance de la organización, tras controlar por la performance previa. El artículo pone de manifiesto la importancia de considerar la endogeneidad dinámica en la relación existente entre gobierno corporativo/responsabilidad social corporativa y performance
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    La influencia del consejo de administración en la adopción de un código ético
    (2008) García Sánchez, Isabel M.; Rodríguez Domínguez, Luis; Gallego Álvarez, Isabel
    La ética empresarial, como uno de los componentes de la responsabilidad social corporativa, debe ser promovida desde el órgano superior de control de las organizaciones empresariales, el Consejo de Administración. En este sentido, la incorporación de un código ético supondría el establecimiento formal de los principios corporativos de la compañía que afectan a la responsabilidad con empleados, accionistas, consumidores, al entorno o a cualquier otro aspecto de la sociedad. La evidencia empírica previa pone de manifiesto efectos contradictorios entre la participación accionarial de los consejeros y su efecto sobre los intereses económicos de los accionistas, así como un reducido interés por parte de los consejeros independientes sobre temas éticos. En esta línea, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar el efecto de estas dos características del Consejo de Administración en la incorporación de un código ético por las empresas españolas no-financieras que cotizan en Bolsa. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la participación accionarial provoca un atrincheramiento de la alta dirección, provocando una divergencia entre los intereses éticos de propietarios y directivos. En esta situación, la presencia de consejeros independientes se torna necesaria para reducir tales conflictos
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    Información Contable y Gobierno Corporativo
    (2004) Monterrey Mayoral, Juan
    El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la relación existente entre Gobierno Corporativo y Contabilidad, desde la idea básica es que la información contable es en sí mismo un producto de la actividad de gobierno, pero al mismo tiempo constituye un input de ésta, al alimentar dicho proceso. Delimitamos el marco teórico de la relación entre Gobierno Corporativo e información contable, identificamos el origen de las imperfecciones existentes y discutimos el papel que pueden desempeñar los incentivos y la monitorización eficiente para mitigar aquéllas, entre las que se encuentran los comités de auditora. Seguidamente examinamos la literatura más relevante sobre la cuestión y damos a conocer nuestra opinión sobre aquellos aspectos metodológicos que revisten mayor interés, así como algunas sugerencias para investigaciones futuras
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    Managerial discretion, say on pay, and CEO compensation
    (Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020-09-07) Baixauli Soler, Juan Samuel; Lozano Reina, Gabriel; Sánchez Marín, Gregorio; Organización de Empresas y Finanzas; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Organización de Empresas y Finanzas
    Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of managerial discretion on the effectiveness of say on pay (SOP) as a governance mechanism. This goal covers an important gap since the issue of how effective SOP is in promoting more aligned compensation has proved somewhat controversial. Design/methodology/approach This empirical research opted for a panel methodology for the period 2003–2017, using a sample of large UK listed-companies (specifically, 3,445 firm-year observations). Data were obtained from several sources (Manifest Ltd, BoardEx, Worldscope, Factset Ownership and DataStream). Findings Results show that managerial discretion plays an important role in the effectiveness of SOP as a mechanism for increasing aligned CEO compensation. While individual discretion (latitude of objectives) exerts a negative effect, contextual discretion (latitude of action) increases SOP effectiveness. The global effect of managerial discretion is positive when there is high level of both individual and contextual discretion. Originality/value This empirical study provides evidence concerning an emerging topic in the literature regarding the impact of SOP as a shareholder activism mechanism of corporate governance on executive compensation. By taking managerial discretion into consideration as a relevant moderating factor, it also offers a better explanation of SOP effectiveness as a governance mechanism.
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    Political Connections and Readability of Financial Statements: Evidencefrom China
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) He, Kang; Chen, Wanyi; Zhang, Liguang; Zhou, Yankun
    High-quality information disclosure improves the accuracy of investors’ judgment and efficiency in resource allocation. With a focus on the readability of information disclosed, this study analyzes how political connections affect the readability of financial statements by taking A-share private-owned companies listed onShanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges as research sample from 2008 to 2019. We use ordinary leastsquares model and moderating effect model as our main methodology. A series of robustness tests are alsocarried out. Our research finds that companies with political connections are more likely to issue less read-able financial statements. This negative impact is diminished for the firms with a higher marketization level,better corporate governance, and greater analyst coverage. Further research on the economic consequences demonstrates that political connections would weaken the positive effect of the readability of financial state-ments on the firm’s future market value. This study enriches the research on the factors influencing the readability of financial statements and reveals the economic consequences of political connections in termsof textual information disclosure quality. It is therefore an important reference for regulatory authoritiesto formulate guidelines on text information disclosure and supervise the compliance of politically affiliated enterprises, while facilitating listed companies to enhance the readability of their financial statements
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    Say on Pay Effectiveness, Corporate Governance Mechanisms, and Ceo Compensation Alignment
    (SAGE Publications, 2017-07-31) Sánchez Marín, Gregorio; Lozano Reina, Gabriel; Baixauli Soler, J. Samuel; Lucas Pérez, María Encarnación; Organización de Empresas y Finanzas; Facultades, Departamentos, Servicios y Escuelas::Departamentos de la UMU::Organización de Empresas y Finanzas
    Say on pay (SOP) is a relatively new governance mechanism that allows shareholders to pronounce on the suitability on executives’ compensation. The literature has mainly examined SOP effects on Anglo Saxon contexts of corporate governance, reporting mixed results and highlighting the need to deepen our understanding of its real impact, as well as its interactions with other mechanisms of governance. Concerning these gaps, the present research analyzes the effectiveness of SOP as a mechanism for aligning CEO compensation in the context of Spanish listed companies – a good representative model of continental European systems of corporate governance–. It also examines the moderating effect of board monitoring and ownership structure. Using panel data and linear regression methodologies on a set of companies from 2013 to 2016, the results show that SOP generally increases the alignment of CEO compensation, although its effectiveness is reduced in companies with overcompensated CEOs and in owner-managed companies.
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    The effect of corporate governance factors on the quality of financial reporting in family and non-family firms
    (2020) Capela Borralho, João Miguel; Gallardo-Vázquez, Dolores; Hernández-Linares, Remedios
    The objective of this study is to explore the quality of financial information of Spanish firms, by comparing family firms with non-family firms, and relating this quality with corporate governance practices. For this purpose, a sample of 650 Spanish firms was analysed during the period 2011-2016. Based on agency theory and socioemotional wealth literature, the results show a higher quality of financial information in family firms, a relationship which is reinforced by corporate governance factors. Our results are consistent with the scant previous research, and with the premises of agency theory, which indicate lower asymmetry of information between owners and managers in the singular context of family firms. Additionally, our work provides evidence that the participation of women on the board boosts the quality of financial information in family firms, contributing to the justification of family firm heterogeneity in terms of earnings management. This study contributes to reducing the gap in the literature on the influence of the family business context and the influence of women on the board on the quality of financial reporting
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    The influence of gender diversity on corporate performance
    (2010) Gallego-Álvarez, Isabel; García-Sánchez, Isabel María; Rodríguez-Domínguez, Luis
    This work focuses on the effect of gender diversity on corporate performance. The current work, an extension of previous studies, focuses on the presence and effect of female stockholders, directors and top managers by analysing their impact on various accounting ratios, market value and technical efficiency. With a view to testing these hypotheses, we selected Spanish corporations that were listed on the Madrid Stock Exchange over the period 2004-2006 as an objective population. Corporate governance information on these companies is available from the CNMV database. Our findings show that companies with higher levels of gender diversity do not obviously outperform other companies with lower levels, in terms of several market and accounting measures. Therefore, gender diversity may not influence corporate performance