DigitalUM :: Browsing by Subject "Antioxidant"

Browsing by Subject "Antioxidant"

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Open Access
Antioxidant activity of edible fungi (truf es and mushrooms): losses during industrial processing
(Elsevier, International Association for Food Protection, 2002-10) Murcia Tomás, María Antonia; Martínez Tomé, Magdalena; Jiménez Monreal, Antonia M.; Vera, Ana; Honrubia, Mario; Parras, Pilar; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
The antioxidant properties of two raw truffles (Terfezia claveryi Chatin and Picoa juniperi Vittadini) and five raw mushrooms (Lepista nuda, Lentinus edodes, Agrocybe cylindracea, Cantharellus lutescens, and Hydnum repandum) were tested by subjecting these truffles and mushrooms to different industrial processes (freezing and canning) and comparing them with common food antioxidants (a-tocopherol [E-307], BHA [E-320], BHT [E-321], and propyl gallate [E-310]) with regard to their ability to inhibit lipid oxidation. All of the truf es and mushrooms analyzed exhibited higher percentages of oxidation inhibition than did the food antioxidants according to assays based on lipid peroxidation (LOOx), deoxyribose (OHx), and peroxidase (H2O2). Frozen samples exhibited a small reduction in free radical scavenger activity, but the results did not show a significant difference (P , 0.05) with respect to the raw samples, while canned truf es and mushrooms lost some antioxidant activity as a consequence of industrial processing. All of the raw and frozen truf es and mushrooms except frozen Cantharellus improved the stability of oil against oxidation (1008C Rancimat), while canned samples accelerated oil degradation. Antioxidant activity during 30 days of storage was measured by the linoleic acid assay, and all of the samples except canned Terfezia, Picoa, and Hydnum showed high or medium antioxidant activity. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay was used to provide a ranking order of antioxidant activity as measured against that of Trolox (a standard solution used to evaluate equivalent antioxidant capacity). The order of raw samples with regard to antioxidant capacity was as follows (in decreasing order): Cantharellus, Agrocybe, Lentinus, Terfezia, Picoa, Lepista, and Hydnum. Losses of antioxidant activity were detected in the processed samples of these truf es and mushrooms.
Embargo
Antioxidant capacity of coffees of several origins brewed following three different procedures
(Elsevier, 2007) Parras, P; Martínez-Tomé, Magdalena; Jimenez Monreal, AM; Murcia Tomás, MA; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
The antioxidant capacity of coffees (Arabica and Robusta) from 12 different points of origin (Uganda, Papua, Jamaica, Ethiopia, Kenya, Puerto Rico, ‘‘Caracolillo’’ Puerto Rico, Nicaragua, Colombia, Vietnam, Brazil and Guatemala) and two decaffeinated coffees from Colombia and Brazil prepared by three commonly used procedures (espresso, filter and Italian) were evaluated and compared with antioxidant standards and other phenolic compounds which have been described in coffee. All the coffees studied were very effective as scavengers of lipoperoxyl and OH radicals. The results also showed that there are no significant differences (p < 0.05) between the three ways of brewing (espresso, filter and Italian). The H2O2 scavenging capacity was analysed in freshly made coffee and 6 h later, the antioxidant activity slightly increasing with time. The filtered coffee showed a greater capacity to react with H2O2 (p < 0.05) than the Italian and espresso coffees. All the coffee samples improved the oxidative stability of butter (Rancimat test), espresso and Italian coffee providing greater protection (p < 0.05) than the filtered beverages. The coffee beverages from different origins did not show significant differences during 28 days of storage as regards the autoxidation of linoleic acid. However, filter brews produced stronger antioxidant activity (p < 0.05) during storage than espresso and Italian brewing techniques. The TEAC value provided a ranking in decreasing order of antioxidant capacity for samples at 6 min: Vietnam, Uganda, Nicaragua, Colombia, Brazil, ‘‘caracolillo’’, Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Kenya, Papua, decaffeinated Colombia, Ethiopia, Jamaica, and decaffeinated Brazil. In general, decaffeinated coffees (Colombia and Brazil) showed lower TEAC values than coffees with caffeine. Filter and Italian coffee analysed after 6 min exhibited higher TEAC value than espresso coffees. All the coffees studied are good antioxidants regardless of their cost, origin and way in which they are brewed (espresso, filter or Italian), which is a point worth considering.
Embargo
Antioxidant evaluation in dessert spices compared with common food additives. Influence of irradiation procedure
(American Chemical Society, 2004-03-13) Murcia Tomás, María Antonia; Egea, Isabel; Romojaro, Felix; Parras, Pilar; Jimenez Monreal, Antonia María; Martínez-Tomé, Magdalena; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
The antioxidant properties of seven dessert spices (anise, cinnamon, ginger, licorice, mint, nutmeg, and vanilla) were compared with those of the common food antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (E-320), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (E-321), and propyl gallate (E-310). The influence of irradiation process on antioxidant activity was also evaluated. Mint and cinnamon exhibited a higher percentage of inhibition of oxidation than the other spices analyzed and the food antioxidants, as tested by the lipid peroxidation assay (LOO¥). Nutmeg, anise, and licorice showed the strongest protection in the deoxyribose assay (OH¥). Vanilla exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in the peroxidase-based assay (H2O2). Nutmeg, propyl gallate, ginger, and licorice improved the stability of oils (sunflower, corn, and olive) and fats (butter and margarine) against oxidation (110 °C Rancimat). Cinnamon was a better superoxide radical scavenger than the other analyzed spices and additives. When the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay was used to provide a ranking order of antioxidant activity, the result in decreasing order of antioxidant capacity was cinnamon = propyl gallate > mint > anise > BHA > licorice = vanilla > ginger > nutmeg > BHT. Irradiated samples did not show significant differences (p < 0.05) in the antioxidant activity with respect to the non-irradiated samples (1, 3, 5, and 10 kGy) in the assays used.
Open Access
Antioxidant properties of mediterranean spices compared with common food additives.
(Elsevier, International Association for Food Protection, 2001-09) Martínez Tomé, Magdalena; Jiménez Monreal, Antonia M.; Ruggieri, Silverio; Frega, Natale; Strabbioli, Rosanna; Murcia, M. Antonia; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
In 1his study, thc antioxid:mt propcrtics of Mcditcrranean food spiccs (annano, cumin. orcgano, swc.c.: and hot paprik.:i. rosemJJy. aqd saffron) at $% concenttation and of common food addi1ivt$ (butylatoo hydmxyaoisole (BHAI, butylntcd hy· c::iroxytolt1cne [OHT]. and propyl gallate) at 100 µ.g/g are compared. Thc abili1y of thesc compoonds to inhibit lipid peroxid:uion was in docrcasing order. roscmary > onJ:g.:ino >. propyl gallate > :rnmmo > BHA > swcct paprika > cumin > hot paprikaprolec:tivc actlon. Toe rest ofthc spices al.so protecc dooxyr!bose bctter than 1he BHA and i3HT us.cd·in \lle :issay. Finally. the resulLS obtaincd· in thc assay point to rhe pCO,Oxid:ml effcct of propyl gall.ate. lfydrogen i>Croxidc sc:avcnging activity is mea.sured i,y using peloxicbsc·bascd ass3y systems. In aqucous tnedium, lhc s::,icc extracts shOw lower antioxidain activity tha.n propyl ga.llate. thC d.:creasing ordcr bcing cumin > orcgano > anl'.l-3no > cosem.uy > hOl paprilfa > swcet paprik.a. 8HA and SHT did not scavenge H20:!.. Spio::s,ace :a.ble to scavcngc HOCL :tnd protecl arantiproteinase. Toe results indic:i.te th.:t rosemary :and o,egano 􀏓1rc more effccti\'t: HOCJ scavcng.crs tMn the othc.r subst:anccs analyzcd. w􀏢ich. in decrc:.\Sing o
Embargo
Betalain health-promoting effects after ingestion in Caenorhabditis elegans are mediated by DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2 transcription factors
(Elsevier, 2020-06-05) Guerrero Rubio, M. Alejandra; Hernández García, Samanta; Escribano, Josefa; Jiménez Atiénzar, Mercedes; Cabanes, Juana; García Carmona, Francisco; Gandía Herrero, Fernando; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A
Betalain-rich extracts have been used for many years by their nutraceutical potential. However, the study of their bioactivities has always been hampered by their difficult obtention. To explain their mode of action, seventeen pure betalains were tested in vivo using the animal model C. elegans. Four betalains, named indicaxanthin, indoline carboxylic acid-betacyanin, phenylalanine-betaxanthin, and dopaxanthin, behaved as extraordinary in vivo antioxidants and anti-aging compounds, by increasing the lifespan of C. elegans up to 16.82%, 16.65%, 16.53%, and 12.93%, respectively. The first microarrays performed with betalains and biological confirmation with different mutant strains showed that this life extension is due to a reduction of oxidative stress and the activation of the transcription factors DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2. They are involved in longevity and oxidative stress resistance pathways and lead to overexpression of HSPs genes, involved in resistance to cancer and Alzheimer's, opening novel research lines in the search for effective plant-based treatments.
Open Access
Bioactive potential and spectroscopical characterization of a novel family of plant pigments betalains derived from dopamine
(Elsevier, 2022-09-22) Henarejos Escudero, Paula; Hernández García, Samanta; Martínez Rodríguez, Pedro; García Carmona, Francisco; Gandía Herrero, Fernando; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular "A"
With two compounds first discovered in quinoa, an entire novel family of betalain pigments derived from dopamine is obtained and characterized. Betalains are nitrogenous water-soluble pigments and bioactive molecules with health-promoting effects and nutraceutical potential. It was assumed that all betalains contained betalamic acid as a structural unit derived from L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). However, hitherto ignored compounds derived from dopamine have recently been discovered in nature. Here an entire family of betalains is described as decarboxylated pigments where 6-decarboxy-betalamic acid is the chromophoric and structural unit. This paper shows for the first time the production, purification and characterization of color and fluorescent properties of this novel family of pigments. Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of the just discovered betalains were tested in vivo using the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Some of them presented extraordinary properties, being glutamic acid-6-decarboxy-betaxanthin the most fluorescent molecule among both families of betalains. Methionine sulfoxide-6-decarboxy-betaxanthin is described as the most potent betalain in the reduction of oxidative stress in vivo in C. elegans (99.5 % at 25 µM) and dopa-6-decarboxy-betaxanthin increased the lifespan of the animal model up to 7.0 % at 25 µM. These results open new research lines in the search for molecules from plants with health-promoting properties and bioactivities.
Embargo
Changes in salivary proteins can reflect beneficial physiological effects of ejaculation in the dog
(2021-01-28) Muñoz-Prieto, Alberto; Escribano, Damián; Horvatić, Anita; Contreras-Aguilar, María Dolores; Bernal, Luis; Rubić, Ivana; Cerón, Jose Joaquín; Dabrowski, Roman; Mrljak, Vladimir; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
The objective of this study was to study the changes in salivary proteins that occur in the dog after the ejaculation process. Saliva samples from eight dogs before and after induced ejaculation were analyzed by proteomic using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) labeling and LC-MS/MS analysis. A total of 33 salivary proteins showed significant changes after the ejaculation process. The up-regulated proteins that showed changes of higher magnitude were mucin-7 (MUC-7), peroxiredoxin-4 (PRDX4) and galectin-3 (LEGALS3) whereas proteins such as alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (A1G1) and alpha-1B-glycoprotein (A1BG) were the most down-regulated. MUC-7 and PRDX4 expression in saliva after ejaculation could be associated with the protective “environment” created by the organism to exert pr 3o-fertility activities and antioxidants benefits in spermatozoa. Also LEGALS3 increment could be associated with an improvement of wellbeing and could contribute to a positive global effect in the body. Down-regulations of A1G1 and A1GB proteins found in saliva after ejaculation could be associated with a reduction in systemic inflammation. Overall it can be concluded that, changes in proteins in saliva that are produced after ejaculation can reflect a state of increase immune defenses, improvement of antioxidant status and low inflammation.
Embargo
Changes in serum biomarkers of oxidative stress after treatment for canine leishmaniosis in sick dogs
(Elsevier, 2016-12) Peres Rubio, Camila; Martínez-Subiela, Silvia; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Hernández-Ruiz, J.; Pardo-Marin, Luis; Segarra, S.; Cerón, J.J.; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a zoonotic disease being endemic in several parts of the world. In this studywe investigated the behavior of a panel of biomarkers of oxidative stress in 12 sick dogs naturally infectedby CanL before and at days 30 and 180 of a successful therapy with a standard treatment. The assays totaloxidant status (TOS), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma(FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), serum thiol and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) wereincluded in the panel. In addition, correlations between biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation(C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin) and urinary protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) were calculated. SerumCUPRAC, thiol and PON1 significantly increased after treatment and were negatively correlated with CRP,ferritin and UPC. This study demonstrates that biomarkers of oxidative stress, not previously studied inleishmaniosis such as CUPRAC and thiol, can change after a successful treatment for CanL showing apotential for use in monitoring the treatment of this disease
Open Access
Characterization of betalain-loaded liposomes and its bioactive potential in vivo after ingestion
(Elsevier, 2022-12-09) Martínez-Rodriguez, Pedro; Guerrero-Rubio, M.Alejandra; Hernández García, Samanta; Henarejos Escudero, Paula; García Carmona, Francisco; Gandía Herrero, Fernando; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A
Betalains are plant pigments characterized by showing a wide range of beneficial properties for health. Its bioactive potential has been studied for the first time after its encapsulation in liposomes and subsequent administration to the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Phenylalanine-betaxanthin and indoline carboxylic acid-betacyanin encapsulated at concentrations of 25 and 500 μM managed to reduce lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in the nematodes. Highly antioxidant betalains dopaxanthin and betanidin were also included in the survival analyses. The results showed that phenylalanine-betaxanthin was the most effective betalain by increasing the lifespan of C. elegans by 21.8%. In addition, the administration of encapsulated natural betanidin increased the nematodes’ survival rate by up to 13.8%. The preservation of the bioactive properties of betalains manifested in this study means that the stabilization of the plant pigments through encapsulation in liposomes can be postulated as a new way for administration in pharmacological and food applications.
Embargo
Chemical Genoprotection:reducing biological damage To as Low As Reasonable Achievable Levels (ALARA)
(2014-06-28) Alcaraz, Miguel; Armero, David; Martínez Beneyto, Yolanda; Castillo, Julian; Benavente-García, Obdulio; Fernandez, Hermógenes; Alcaraz-Saura, Manuel; Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina Física
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant substances present in the human diet with an antimutagenic protective capacity against genotoxic damage induced by exposure to X-rays in an attempt to reduce biological damage to as low a level as reasonably possible. Methods: Ten compounds were assessed using the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) cytome test. The compounds studied were added to human blood at 25 μM 5 min before exposure to irradiation by 2 Gy of X-rays. Results: The protective capacity of the antioxidant substances assessed was from highest to lowest according to the frequency of the MN generated by X-ray exposure: rosmarinic acid = carnosic acid = δ-tocopherol = l-acid ascorbic = apigenin = amifostine (P < 0.001) > green tea extract = diosmine = rutin = dimetylsulfoxide (P < 0.05) > irradiated control. The reduction in genotoxic damage with the radiation doses administered reached 58%, which represents a significant reduction in X-ray-induced chromosomal damage (P < 0.001). This degree of protection is greater than that obtained with amifostine, a radioprotective compound used in radiotherapy and which is characterised by its high toxicity. Conclusion: Several antioxidant substances, common components of the human diet and lacking toxicity, offer protection from the biological harm induced by ionizing radiation. Administering these protective substances to patients before radiological exploration should be considered, even in the case of small radiation doses and regardless of the biological damage expected.
Open Access
Chronic administration of thiamine pyrophosphate decreases age-related histological atrophic testicular changes and improves sexual behavior in male Wistar rats
(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2014) Hernández-Montiel, H. L.; Vásquez López, C. M.; González-Loyola, J. G.; Vega-Anaya, G. C.; Villagrán-Herrera, M. E.; Gallegos-Corona, M. A.; Saldaña, C.; Ramos Gómez, M.; García Horshman, P.; García Solís, P.; Solís-S, J. C.; Robles-Osorio, M. L.; Ávila-Morales, J.; Varela-Echavarría, A.; Paredes Guerrero, R.
Aging is a multifactorial universal process and constitutes the most important risk factor for chronic-degenerative diseases. Although it is a natural process, pathological aging arises when these changes occur quickly and the body is not able to adapt. This is often associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and a decrease in the endogenous antioxidant systems, constituting a physiopathological state commonly found in chronicdegenerative diseases. At the testicular level, aging is associated with tissue atrophy, decreased steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, and sexual behavior disorders. This situation, in addition to the elevated generation of ROS in the testicular steroidogenesis, provides a critical cellular environment causing oxidative damage at diverse cellular levels. To assess the effects of a reduction in the levels of ROS, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) was chronically administered in senile Wistar rats. TPP causes an activation of intermediate metabolism routes, enhancing cellular respiration and decreasing the generation of ROS. Our results show an overall decrease of atrophic histological changes linked to aging, with higher levels of serum testosterone, sexual activity, and an increase in the levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in TPP-treated animals. These results suggest that TPP chronic administration decreases the progression of age-related atrophic changes by improving the intermediate metabolism, and by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes.
Embargo
Comparison of the antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of broccoli amino acids with those of common food additives
(Wiley, Society of Chemical Industry, 2001-08) Martínez Tomé, Magdalena; García Carmona, Francisco; Murcia Tomás, María Antonia
The antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of broccoli amino acids were compared with those of common food additives. In decreasing order, the data showed that Asp, SMC, GABA, Glu, Gln, Pro, Phe, Leu, Lys, Arg, Asn, Val, Ile, His, Ser, Gly, Orn and Ala, when dissolved in water at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.05 mM, partially inhibited damage to deoxyribose in the presence of ferric-EDTA and H2O2. In contrast, Tyr and Thr acted as pro-oxidants in this system. The amino acids present in broccoli had no hydrogen peroxide-scavenging effect. When dissolved in water, methanol or ethanol, SMC, Glu, Thr, Gln, Ser, GABA, Pro, Ala, Ile, Phe, Asp, Orn and Tyr inhibited lipid peroxidation. However, Asn, Val, Arg, Leu, Lys, His and Gly were not effective in decreasing peroxidation at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.05 mM. Asp > SMC > Ala > Phe > Hys > Orn > Gln = Ser > Lys > Leu = GABA = Gly > Tyr > Arg = Thr > Val > Asn > Pro > Ile > Glu (p < 0.025) showed scavenging activity towards hypochlorous acid protecting al-antiproteinase against inactivation. In this paper it has been established that some amino acids premixed with propyl gallate increase its hypochlorous acid-scavenging capacity, while other amino acids have an additive effect with propyl gallate, permitting smaller quantities of propyl gallate to be used as food additives in some products which contain these amino acids.
Embargo
Evaluation of antioxidant activity and nutritional composition of flavoured dehydrated soups packaged in different formats. Reducing the sodium content
(Springer, 2015-07-15) Martínez Tomé, Magdalena; Murcia, M. Antonia; Mariscal, Miguel; Lorenzo, Mª Luisa; Gómez Murcia, V; Bibiloni, Mar; Jiménez Monreal, Antonia M.; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
The antioxidant activity and nutritional composition of four dehydrated soups (vegetables, meat, chicken and fish) packaged in four formats —carton, plastic, and aluminium bags (the last with and without modified atmosphere) — were evaluated during 12 months’ storage. The results showed that all four soups had a good or very good antioxidant capacity as tested by the lipid peroxidation, deoxyribose, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) tests. Of interest from a nutritional point of view was the finding that the lipid fraction of all the soups was below 1 %. The sodium content of the four soups and their ingredients was also analysed. By modifying some of the ingredients, a 25%reduction in the sodium content of the soups was obtained, permitting them to be labelled as Bsodium reduced^. The monosodium glutamate (MSG) content of the reformulated soups (lower sodium content) was below levels permitted by European legislation .
Embargo
Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Cereal Brans
(ACS, 2004-05-26) Martínez-Tomé, Magdalena; Murcia, M. Antonia; Frega, Natale; Ruggieri, Silverio; Jiménez-Monreal, Antonia M.; Roses, Francisco; Parras, Pilar; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
Several oat brans (crunchy oat bran, oat bran alone, and oat breakfast cereal) and wheat brans (wheat bran alone, wheat bran powder, wheat bran with malt flavor, bran breakfast cereal, tablet of bran, and tablet of bran with cellulose) used as dietary fiber supplements by consumers were evaluated as alternative antioxidant sources (i) in the normal human consumer, preventing disease and promoting health, and (ii) in food processing, preserving oxidative alterations. Products containing wheat bran exhibited higher peroxyl radical scavenging effectiveness than those with oat bran. Wheat bran powder was the best hydroxyl radical (OH¥) scavenger. In terms of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging, wheat bran alone was the most effective, while crunchy oat bran, oat bran alone, and oat breakfast cereal did not scavenge H2O2. The shelf life of fats (obtained by the Rancimat method for butter) increased most in the presence of crunchy oat bran. When the antioxidant activity during 28 days of storage was measured by the linoleic acid assay, all of the oat and wheat bran samples analyzed showed very good antioxidant activities. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay was used to provide a ranking order of antioxidant activity. The wheat bran results for TEAC (6 min), in decreasing order, were wheat bran powder > wheat bran with malt flavor g wheat bran alone g bran breakfast cereal > tablet of bran > tablet of bran with cellulose. The products made with oat bran showed lower TEAC values. In general, avenanthramide showed a higher antioxidant level than each of the following typical cereal components: ferulic acid, gentisic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, and phytic acid.
Open Access
Evaluation of antioxidant properties of Tectaria paradoxa (Fee.) Sledge and Bolbitis appendiculata (Willd.) K. Iwats
(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2022) Manivannam, Venkatasamy; Johnson, Marimuthu; Araújo, Ana Carolina; Freitas, Priscilla; Coutinho, Henrique
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las capacidades de captación de radicales libres de T. paradoxa (TP) y B. appendiculata (BA) utilizando el ensayo DPPH, SOD, fosfomolibeno y ABTs. El mejore valor de CI50 en los ensayos de DPPH de para extractos de TP fue el metanólico (102,25 µg / mL) y para los extractos de BA, la acetona (121,06 µg/mL). Entre los diversos extractos probados, los extractos metanólicos de BA y TP mostraron la mayor actividad antioxidante. La capacidad de captación de radicales libres de SOD de los extractos de TP fue CI50= 123,46 µg/ml con éter de petróleo y de los extractos de BA, CI50= 108,7 µg/ml con acetona. La capacidad de eliminación de radicales libres de los extractos de BA y TP fue acetona (CI50 = 76,92 y CI50 = 77,88 µg / ml respectivamente).
Open Access
Extension of life-span using a RNAi model and in vivo antioxidant effect of Opuntia fruit extracts and pure betalains in Caenorhabditis elegans
(Elsevier, 2018-09-11) Guerrero Rubio, M. Alejandra; Hernández García, Samanta; García Carmona, Francisco; Gandía Herrero, Fernando; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A
Betalains are nitrogenous plant pigments known for their high antioxidant capacity. For the first time, this antioxidant nature has been studied in an in vivo system using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. The oxidative stress caused in the fluorescent strain TJ375 (hsp-16.2::GFP) was reversed by the presence of both natural and semi-synthetic betalains, with an ED50 value around 25 μM for betacyanins and up to 10 μM for betaxanthins, with indicaxanthin, the major pigments in prickly pear fruits, as the most effective betalain. The effect of model betalains on the lifespan of the wild-type N2 strain was carefully studied using the automatic platform “Lifespan Machine”. In a search for different approaches to suppress progeny, pop-1 RNAi was used to avoid FUdR use. The presence of betalains in the medium, both as pure compounds and as enriched Opuntia extracts significantly increased the lifespan of C. elegans
Open Access
Interaction between dietary fibre and bioactive compounds in plant by-products: impact on bioaccessibility and bioavailability
(MDPI, 2023-04-21) Núñez-Gómez, Vanesa; González-Barrio, Rocio; Periago, María Jesús
In Europe, around 31 million tonnes of food by-products are generated during primary production and trade. The management of these by-products may cause a negative impact, both at the economic and environmental levels, for both industry and society. In this regard, taking into consideration that these by-products retain the dietary fibre compositions and the bioactive compounds of the starting materials, plant food agro-industries have an interest in taking advantage of them, from a nutritional point of view. Therefore, this review evaluates the role of dietary fibre and bioactive compounds in these by-products as well as the potential interactions of both components and their implications for health, since the bioactive compounds associated with fibre may reach the colon, where they can be metabolised into postbiotic compounds, providing important health benefits (prebiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, etc.). Consequently, this aspect, on which there are few studies, is very relevant and must be considered in the revaluation of by-products to obtain new ingredients for food processing with improved nutritional and technological properties.
Open Access
Melatonin and cancer: a polyhedral network where the source matters
(MDPI, 2021-02-01) Bonmatí-Carrión, María Ángeles; Tomas-Loba, Antonia; Anatomía Humana y Psicobiología
Melatonin is one of the most phylogenetically conserved signals in biology. Although its original function was probably related to its antioxidant capacity, this indoleamine has been “adopted” by multicellular organisms as the “darkness signal” when secreted in a circadian manner and is acutely suppressed by light at night by the pineal gland. However, melatonin is also produced by other tissues, which constitute its extrapineal sources. Apart from its undisputed chronobiotic function, melatonin exerts antioxidant, immunomodulatory, pro-apoptotic, antiproliferative, and anti-angiogenic effects, with all these properties making it a powerful antitumor agent. Indeed, this activity has been demonstrated to be mediated by interfering with various cancer hallmarks, and different epidemiological studies have also linked light at night (melatonin suppression) with a higher incidence of different types of cancer. In 2007, the World Health Organization classified night shift work as a probable carcinogen due to circadian disruption, where melatonin plays a central role. Our aim is to review, from a global perspective, the role of melatonin both from pineal and extrapineal origin, as well as their possible interplay, as an intrinsic factor in the incidence, development, and progression of cancer. Particular emphasis will be placed not only on those mechanisms related to melatonin’s antioxidant nature but also on the recently described novel roles of melatonin in microbiota and epigenetic regulation.
Embargo
Serum biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
(Elsevier, 2017-03) Peres Rubio, Camila; Martínez-Subiela, S.; Hernández-Ruiz, J.; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Cerón, J.J.; Allenspach, K.; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
The objective of this work was to study and compare a panel of various serum biomarkers evaluating both the antioxidant response and oxidative damage in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Eighteen dogs with IBD and 20 healthy dogs were enrolled in the study. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of the plasma (FRAP), total thiol concentrations, and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity were evaluated in serum to determine antioxidant response. To evaluate oxidative status, ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species production (ROS) concentrations in serum were determined. Mean concentrations of all antioxidant biomarkers analyzed, with exception of FRAP, were significantly lower (P < 0.0001) in the sera of dogs with IBD than in healthy dogs. The oxidant markers studied were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in sera of dogs with IBD than in healthy dogs. These findings support the hypothesis that oxidative stress could play an important role in the pathogenesis of canine IBD.
Open Access
The immunologic and antioxidant effects of L-phenylalanine on the uterine implantation of mice embryos during early pregnancy
(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2014) Dong, Yulan; Bai, Yongping; Liu, Guanhui; Wang, Zixu; Cao, Jing; Chen, Yaoxing; Yang, Hongliang
L-phenylalanine (L-PHE) is a synthetic precursor of catecholamines. Because it cannot be synthesised by an organism, it must be absorbed from the environment. Despite the wide use of L-PHE, whether L-PHE has a negative impact on embryo implantation and development is poorly understood. This study attempted to determine the roles of L-PHE in embryo implantation and development and in the immune response and antioxidant status of the uterus in early pregnancy mice injected intraperitoneally with 320 mg/kg L-PHE. The embryo number of treated mice decreased by 57.6%, and the size of their embryos was reduced by 2.8% (P>0.05) along the long diameter and 11.9% (P<0.05) along the short diameter at E9 compared with control mice. In addition, L-PHE significantly suppressed B lymphocyte proliferation. L-PHE increased IL-2 secretion but decreased the IL-4 concentration, thereby up-regulating the ratio of IL-2/IL-4 to 1.37-8.45. An analysis of the oxidant and antioxidant status showed that, compared with the control mice, the level of superoxide dismutase activity decreased by 21.54%- 39.94% and the glutathione peroxidase activity decreased by 15.27%-18.96% among the L-PHE-treated mice at E1-E9. However, the malonaldehyde content increased by 14.29%-90.11% among the L-PHE-treated mice. Therefore, L-PHE impaired embryo implantation by disrupting cytokine-based immunity and oxidative stress in the uterus.