Sport TK Vol.13 (2024) Suplemento 3

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https://hdl.handle.net/10201/147345

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Open Access
Transforming defensive teaching in handball: An analysis of applied constraints
(2024) Espoz-Lazo, Sebastián; Reyes Contreras, Víctor; del Val Martín, Pablo; Hinojosa-Torres, Claudio; Farias Valenzuela, Claudio
In the emerging field of sports science, the application of complex dynamic systems theory has opened new perspectives for understanding and improving sports training processes. Particularly in handball, a discipline that requires significant tactical coordination and adaptation, these concepts are ripe for exploration. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of imposed constraints on defensive efficacy, demonstrating the relationship between defensive disposition and defensive actions in young handball players. The defensive actions of 12 young players were analyzed using a quantitative and observational approach, highlighting the influence of game constraints on tactical and technical formation. The results showed a significant relationship between defensive disposition and defensive actions, underscoring the importance of self-organization and adaptability in the training of young handball players. It reveals that variations in defensive strategies are influenced by imposed constraints, affe
Open Access
Exceptional oxygen consumption, values and relationships: An analysis from Exercise Physiology
(2024) Cofré-Bolados, Cristian; Vidal Díaz, Félix; Herrera Valenzuela, Tomás; Farias Valenzuela, Claudio; Espinoza Salinas, Alexis; Galeano-Rojas, Dilan
Maximum oxygen consumption VO2max has represented a fundamental reference when measuring cardiorespiratory fitness in different sports. The aim of this study was to present the results of ergometry tests with gas analysis in athletes who exceeded 70 ml/kg/min in VO2max, analyzing the correlations between VO2max and metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory parameters. The study was of a descriptive correlational type, and 27 male athletes participated. The r Pearson test was applied to determine the correlation between the variables. In the result analysis, correlations were determined: small between Age and VO2max (r = -0.238; p = 0.24); large between VO2max vs VO2VT1 (r = 0.741; p<0.001); VO2max vs VO2VT2 (r = 0.808; p<0.001); and VO2VT1 vs VO2VT2 (r = 0.783; p<0.001). Mean between VO2max and HR (r = 0.340; p = 0.09); large between absolute VO2max and VO2/HRmax (r = 0.840; p<0.001); small between VO2max and VE (r = 0.214; p = 0.30); small between VO2max and BR (-0.184; p = 0.37); small between VE and RR% (
Open Access
Velocity loss in sprint with resisted sled in highly competitive young female soccer players
(2024) Cofre Bolados, Cristian; Duarte Meneses, Sergio; Cursach, John; Vidal Díaz, Félix; Farias Valenzuela, Claudio; Rojas Trelles, Loreto; Torres, Hernán; Fuentes, Adolfo
The literature presents a variety of methods to improve acceleration speed, such as resisted sled sprint training. The aim of this study was to describe the behavior of time, speed, and speed loss when executing accelerations in 20 meters without load and with a resistance sled with loads equivalent to 8%, 12%, and 15% of body weight. It corresponded to a descriptive cross-sectional study. A repeated measures ANOVA analysis was performed for the four conditions: acceleration race without resistance; with 8% of body weight; 12% of body weight; and 15% of body weight in time in seconds to travel the first 10 meters; the 10 to 20 meter section; and the entire distance from 0 to 20 meters; speed in km/h to travel from 0 to 10 meters; from 10 to 20 meters; and from 0 to 20 meters; speed loss with different loads, contrasted with running without resistance; from 0 to 10 meters; from 10 to 20 meters; and from 0 to 20 meters. The sled training showed limited speed losses with very light resistances of 8%, while light
Open Access
Beyond movement. Educational transformation in physical educationthrough nonlinear pedagogy: A systematic review
(2024) Espoz-Lazo, Sebastián; Farias Valenzuela, Claudio; del Val Martín, Pablo; Hinojosa-Torres, Claudio; Valdivia Moral, Pedro
Physical education has evolved from its approaches focused on physical activity towards holistic and adaptive models, with one of the latest methodological currents used for this purpose being Non- Linear Pedagogy. In the present review, the PRISMA protocol was followed to identify relevant studies published between 2018 and 2024 that investigated the application of this methodology, using platforms such as Web of Science and Scopus, and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria to select appropriate articles. The review included 21 studies that showed significant improvements in motor, cognitive and social skills through Non-Linear Pedagogy, highlighting the adaptability of this approach to various educational situations and its ability to promote more inclusive and effective learning in Physical Education. The importance of this model was analyzed, highlighting its holistic approach and its ability to foster creativity and adaptability in students during class. The adoption of Non-Linear Pedagogy in Physical Education is essential to prepare students and athletes for future challenges, promoting more meaningful and adaptive learning in a constantly evolving educational context.
Open Access
Self-organization in the 3:2:1 defense in handball: Behaviors from the complex dynamic systems
(2024) Espoz-Lazo, Sebastián; Farias Valenzuela, Claudio; del Val Martín, Pablo; Hinojosa-Torres, Claudio
This study aimed to describe collective emerging behaviors within a 3:2:1 defense training method in handball using the framework of complex dynamic systems. An observational methodology grounded in nonlinear pedagogy was employed, applying constraints to trigger defensive behaviors in response to offensive actions. Twelve players were divided into three groups for participation. The results revealed that emergent defensive behaviors were related to executed offensive actions during the exercise. Offensive ball-circulation actions consistently activated defensive responses aimed at maintaining the defensive structure, while offensive actions involving width and depth crosses prompted position changes, adjustments, and defensive contacts. Furthermore, spontaneous coordination among players was observed to self-organize and adapt defensive responses during the exercise. In conclusion, the nonlinear pedagogy approach rooted in complex dynamic systems was effective in fostering defensive responses in the 3:2:1 defensive system in handball.
Open Access
Practices in Physical Education teacher training: Documentary analysis of accreditations in Chile
(2024) Hinojosa-Torres, Claudio; Espoz-Lazo, Sebastián; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Cañadas Martin, Laura; Yáñez Sepúlveda, Rodrigo
In Chile, accreditation of pedagogy programs is crucial to ensure quality in teacher training, according to Law 20.129. This qualitative documentary study reviewed 29 accreditation resolutions of Physical Education Pedagogy programs, using content analysis with Atlas.ti 24. The findings reveal that: a) practice is essential in teacher training; b) the quality and quantity of practice centers are key to achieve training objectives; and c) collaboration between universities and the school system raises the quality of educational practices.
Open Access
Differences in physical and technical-tactical performance between playing positions in female soccer players in FIFA competitions
(2024) Villaseca Vicuña, Rodrigo; Segueida Lorca, Álvaro; Salazar Orellana, Cristian; Luis Valenzuela Contreras, Luis; Cortés Roco, Guillermo; Pérez Contreras, Jorge; Merino Muñoz, Pablo
The aim of this study was to compare physical and technical-tactical performance between playing positions in official FIFA matches in elite female soccer players. A total of 39 official FIFA matches were analyzed (31 international friendlies, 3 from the 2019 World Cup in France, 2 Olympic playoffs and 3 2021 Olympic games) in 23 field players divided into 5 central defenders (DFC), 9 lateral defenders (DFL), 5 midfielders (MC) and 4 forwards (DL) from an elite national soccer team. Age = 27 ± 3.4 years; height = 162.4 ± 4.3 cm, body mass = 59.5 ± 4.6 kg. The study variables considered physical aspects such as total distance (DT), distance at high intensity (DAI), number of spikes (NP), maximum speed (VM), Playerload (PL), number of accelerations (AC) and decelerations (DES) and from the technical-tactical aspects, the offensive phase was analyzed (that is, in possession of the ball), number of passes (NPA), number of effective passes (NPAE) and percentage of effective passes (%PPAE). On the contrary, in the defensive phase (that is, without possession of the ball) number of duels (NDU), number of effective duels (NDUE) and percentage of effective duels (%DUE). The results of the study regarding the physical variables DT, PL, AC and DES showed significant differences (p < .05) with a large effect size and in the technical-tactical performance NPA, NPAE, NDU and PDUE showed significant differences (p < .05) with a large effect size between playing positions. The main conclusion is that the central defense position presented a lower amount of total distance, but a greater number of duels won and effective passes compared to the rest of the positions. Therefore, there are physical and technical-tactical differences between playing positions.
Open Access
Effects of an adapted crossfit program combined with nutritional counseling on adiposity indicators, muscular fitness and functionality of young people with intellectual disabilities
(2024) Ubilla Mejias, Melissa; Espoz-Lazo, Sebastián; Valdivia Moral, Pedro; Piñeiro Cossio, Javier; Antonio Castillo Paredes, Antonio; del Val Martín, Pablo; Andrades Ramirez, Oscar; Peña Baeza, Alonso; Farias Valenzuela, Claudio
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a combined adapted CrossFit® training program and nutritional counseling on indicators of adiposity, muscular fitness and functionality of school-age adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The sample was made up of (n=11) subjects belonging to the SPORT TK. Year 2024. Volume 13. Supplement 3. Article 4 2 work level of a special education center in Santiago de Chile. Anthropometric measurements of adiposity, muscle strength, and functional capacity were performed before and after a combined 15- week adapted Crossfit® training and nutritional counseling program. Significant changes were observed in adiposity indicators such as the waist-height ratio (Δ% = -6.12), in the landing force in the countermovement jump (Δ% = -18.34) and in the 5-hour functional tests. repetitions of getting up and sitting down. down from a chair (Δ% = -8.16), Timed up and go (Δ% = -8.15), Countermovement jump (Δ% = -8.36) and in the 4 x 10 m Agility test (Δ% = -8.00). In conclusion, a 15-week combined training program of adapted CrossFit® and nutritional counseling had positive effects on indicators of adiposity, muscular fitness and functionality in a sample of school-aged adolescents with intellectual disabilities. This intervention strategy is safe and can be used to promote the practice of physical exercise and healthy lifestyles from special educational establishments.
Open Access
Physical performance with EPTS analysis in national team soccer players vs. local Paraguayan competition
(2024) Segales, Dulce; Cofre Bolados, Cristian; Farias Valenzuela, Claudio; Fabres, Ignacio; Barrows Formantel, Sebastián
In the senior team of Paraguay since mid-2020, profiles have been carried out by positions that allow us to understand a gold standard, and in this way quickly compare player profiles to relate them to the models found in the local league. The aim of this study was to determine the physical performance of the soccer players of the local league of Paraguay vs. the National Team, relating the analysis by position between Front Markers, Central Markers and Wingers. The sample consisted of 176 professional soccer players: 149 of the local tournament belonging to 6 first division clubs, measured with electronic performance and tracking systems (EPTS). The data for the national team corresponded to 27 players measured in the competition matches of the Qualifier for Qatar 2022 and Copa América 2021. The results indicated that there were no differences in maximum speed between the national team and players of the local tournament. In a distance traveled greater than 24 km/h, there was a difference in the extremes in favor of those selected. In a distance greater than 18 km/h, there was no difference. In acceleration distance there were no differences in the two groups analyzed. Finally, in total distance traveled, there was only a difference in central markers in favor of the local group.
Open Access
Relationship between power and isometric strength with the repeat sprint ability in male professional soccer players
(2024) Vidal Maturana, Francisco; Gajardo Cid, Noé; Merino Muñoz, Pablo; Hermosilla Palma, Felipe; Valdés Badilla, Pablo; Herrera Valenzuela, Tomás
The aim of this study was to relate variables of countermovement jump (CMJ) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) with the performance of the repeat sprint ability (RSA) in professional soccer players, as well as to determine the differences in CMJ and IMTP results according to the RSA performance. 54 professional soccer players were evaluated (mean age= 23.1 ± 5.1 years) in which the correlations were analysed through Pearson´s coefficient. Subsequently, the group was divided into above (SM; N=27) and below (BM; N= 27) the median according to RSA performance in three variables and the student´s t-test for independent samples was used. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) low to moderate correlations (r= -0.27; -0.30; -0.31; 0.46 y 0.42) were obtained in IMTP and CMJ variables with the RSA. Significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) from moderate to large in favour of SM were found in variables of power, contact time and peak relative force and significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) from moderate to large in peak force and dynamic streng

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