Engineering the Eye III
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- PublicationOpen AccessCan scatter actually be measured in the eye?(2020-03-18) Ginis, Harilaos; Pérez, GM; Bueno García, Juan Manjuel; University of Crete
- PublicationOpen AccessAdaptive Optics: A Review of a Technology Key for Vision Experiments(2020-03-18) Dainity, Chris; National University of Ireland, Galway
- PublicationOpen AccessAdaptation to the aberrations and daily tasks(2020-03-18) Marcos, Susana; Sawides, Lucie; de Gracia, Pablo; Viñas, María; Webster, Michael; Dorronsoro, Carlos; Instituto de Optica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasAdaptive Optics is an ideal tool to explore the impact of aberrations on visual performance and visual perception. We will present a set of experiments aiming at studying the visual benefit of correcting high order aberrations on visual acuity (at various luminances and contrast polarities), as well as on various daily visual tasks, such as face or facial expression recognition. We found that, by correcting high order aberrations, visual acuity increased by factor of 1.29 (on average across luminances), and face recognition improved by 1.13, on average (although facial expression recognition was not improved). Correcting the aberrations consistently increase subjective impression of sharpness (of 84% of the images, on average). Furthermore, using adaptive optics, we have demonstrated that subjects can adapt to the blur imposed by astigmatism and high order aberrations, as the perceived best focus shifts after subjects had been adapted to astigmatic images, as well as to images degraded by high order aberrations (scaled versions of their own aberrations, or by other subjects’ aberrations). Interestingly, adaptation to the subject’s own aberrations produces no aftereffects, and subjects perceived images degraded with an overall blur similar to their own as neither too blurred nor too sharp, as opposed to images degraded using other subjects’ aberrations. These results demonstrate that spatial vision is calibrated to the amount of aberrations present in each individual’s retinal image.
- PublicationOpen AccessWhat’s new with the Stiles-Crawford effect?(2020-03-19) Vohnsen, Brian; University College Dublin
- PublicationOpen AccessWavefront optimized two-photon microscopy of ocular tissues(2020-03-19) Bueno García, Juan Manuel; Universidad de Murcia
- PublicationOpen AccessIntraocular lenses controlled by two-photon processes(2020-03-19) Hampp, Norbert; University of Marburg
- PublicationOpen AccessHigh resolution imaging of the inner retina(2020-03-19) Dubra, Alfredo; Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
- PublicationOpen AccessMultiphoton imaging of the living retina(2020-03-19) Hunter, Jennifer; University of Rochester
- PublicationOpen AccessLow light vision under adaptive optics correction(2020-03-19) Artal Soriano, Pablo; Universidad de Murcia
- PublicationOpen AccessHigh-resolution adaptive optics fluorescence imaging of retinal cell functionMerigan, William H.; universidad de murciaAbstract The long-term goal of our research is to manipulate and/or record the physiological activity of retinal neurons optically in the living eye, both in the high-acuity, perceptually capable macaque, and in the experimentally more tractable mouse. The fine spatial scale of adaptive optics imaging makes it attractive to use recently developed neuroscience methods, such as genetically encoded calcium indicators or light-gated channels, introduced into retinal neurons, to study the function of these cells. Such studies will be fruitful if they achieve: 1. high efficiency transduction of retinal cells in order that imaging or control of neurons can be achieved with light levels low enough to be consistent with retinal safety, 2. uniform transduction of the cells across the retina, which in macaque is hampered by the dense inner limiting membrane barrier, and 3. selective transduction of chosen cell types among bipolar, amacrine or ganglion cell classes. This talk will describe the progress we are making in reaching these goals. In collaboration with the Flannery laboratory we are developing viral vectors for intravitreal injection that are tailored to the unique requirements of the mouse and macaque retina. In collaboration with the Callaway lab we are exploring the use of viral vectors that are retrogradely transported from intracranial injections to retinal neurons. A major focus of this work is the development of cell-type selective transduction, which can be accomplished by focal injection of retino-recipient nuclei that are receive input from only a single type of retinal neuron.