Histology and histopathology Vol.40,nº10 (2025)

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Browsing Histology and histopathology Vol.40,nº10 (2025) by Author "Biología Celular e Histología"

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    Liquid biopsy of circulating tumor cells: From isolation, enrichment, and genome sequencing to clinical applications
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Histología e Histopatología, 2025) Tan Keqin; Zhu Hong; Ma Xuelei; Biología Celular e Histología
    Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), shed from primary tumors into the bloodstream, play a crucial role in metastasis and hold great potential in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. Conventional CTC detection using epithelial biomarkers like epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) for immunocapture overlooks mesenchymal-like CTCs with high metastatic potential, spurring the development of non-immunocapture technologies that use biophysical traits for enrichment. Innovations in microfluidic platforms and multi-parametric sorting improve isolation efficiency and address related challenges. Breakthroughs in single-cell genomic and transcriptomic sequencing enable in-depth molecular characterization of CTCs. Clinically, CTC enumeration and molecular profiling are emerging as real-time tools for assessing therapeutic response and predicting outcomes, especially in metastatic breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. This review focuses on CTC isolation, enrichment techniques, their applications in different tumors, downstream analysis progress, and potential in precision medicine
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    Molecular pathology of adenoid cystic carcinoma
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Histología e Histopatología, 2025) Wei Shuanzeng; Pei Jianming; Zhang Paul J.L.; Biología Celular e Histología
    Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a slow-growing but locally aggressive salivary gland tumor. ACC is composed of ductal/tubular epithelial cells and basal/myoepithelial cells, which form cribriform, tubular, and solid growth patterns in variable combinations and dominance. ACC from different anatomic sites have similar morphological, molecular, and genetic changes. The key molecular alteration in ACC is chromosomal fusion/rearrangement/trans-location involving MYB or MYBL1, usually with NFIB as a fusion partner. In this review, we summarize the pathology and molecular alterations in ACC and their clinical significance
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    PLEKHG2 and the PLEKHG family: Linking Rho family GTPases to neural development and disorders
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Histología e Histopatología, 2025) Sato Katsuya; Nishikawa Masashi; Nagata Koh-ichi; Ueda Hiroshi; Biología Celular e Histología
    Rho family small GTPases (Rho GTPases) are key regulators of cellular morphology, primarily through their control of the actin cytoskeleton. They play crucial roles in various cellular processes, including cell division, adhesion, and migration. The activity of Rho GTPases is tightly regulated by specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which facilitate the exchange of GDP for GTP, thereby activating the GTPases. In the human genome, RhoGEFs are categorized into two major families: the DOCK family, comprising 11 members characterized by dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) homology regions, and the Dbl family, consisting of 64 members that contain a diffuse B-cell lymphoma (Dbl) homology domain. This review focuses on the pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G (PLEKHG) family within the Dbl family of RhoGEFs, which remains largely un-characterized. We summarize their structure and function, with a particular emphasis on PLEKHG2, discussing its regulatory mechanisms, interactions with various molecules, and its involvement in neural functions