The integrity of perivascular spaces is absolutely essential for proper function of the glymphatic system waste and excess water removal from the brain

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dc.contributor.authorNeetu Tyagi
dc.contributor.authorMelvin R. Hayden
dc.contributor.departmentBiología Celular e Histología
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-10T12:15:08Z
dc.date.available2025-11-10T12:15:08Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractInterest in normal perivascular spaces (PVS) and their evolution to a pathogenic, remodeled enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) have increased in parallel with the recently described glymphatic system pathway (GS) during the past decade. EPVS on magnetic resonance images have been shown to be a biomarker for neurovascular, neuroinflammatory, and neuro-degenerative diseases. Thus, the integrity of the PVS is absolutely essential for the proper function of the GS. The mechanisms involved in the evolution of PVS to EPVS are a hot topic in research and as we better understand the pericapillary venules and vein’s role regarding the GS via higher resolution imaging some of the missing pieces of this puzzle will evolve. The GS is currently known to absolutely depend on the brain’s existing PVS to provide a channel for the efflux of neurotoxic substances such as accumulated neuro-degenerative misfolded proteins, proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, leukocytes, and metabolic, proteolytic debris. The perivascular unit contains both the normal PVS and the pathologic remodeled EPVS and allows for a space to house incoming leukocytes to undergo excessive cellular crosstalk of leukocytes and the resident perivascular macrophage to result in neuroinflammation. Additionally, the polarized aquaporin 4 water channels are essential in waste and excess water removal by the GS.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.format.extent30
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.14670/HH-18-952
dc.identifier.eissn1699-5848
dc.identifier.issn0213-3911
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10201/172009
dc.languageeng
dc.relationSin financiacion externa a la Universidad
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International*
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectGlymphatic system
dc.subjectEnlarged perivascular spaces
dc.subjectMetabolic waste removal
dc.subjectPerivascular spaces
dc.subjectPerivascular unit
dc.subjectPerivascular astrocyte endfeet
dc.subjectAquaporin 4
dc.subject.odsNo relacionado con ningún objetivo de desarrollo sostenible
dc.titleThe integrity of perivascular spaces is absolutely essential for proper function of the glymphatic system waste and excess water removal from the brain
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/annotation
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Histology and histopathology, Vol.40, Nº12, (2025)