Publication: Polymorphous adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands: an overview of immunohistochemical features and insights on molecular pathology
Authors
Tasoulas, Jason ; Tsourouflis, Gerasimos ; Klijanienko, Jerzy ; Theocharis, Stamatios
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Publisher
Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología
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DOI
DOI: 10.14670/HH-18-089
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC),
represents a common minor salivary gland tumor (SGT)
characterized by local growth, low metastatic potential
and non-aggressive biologic behavior. Due to the clinical
aggressiveness noted in a subset of such tumors, the
former term polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma
(PLGA) was recently revised. PAC’s clinical features
and histological diversity result in clinical overlap of this
entity with several other SGTs including mainly adenoid
cystic carcinoma (AdCC). Differential diagnosis among
the entities is crucial, in terms of tumor management and
patients’ prognosis.
The aim of the present review is to summarize the
histological, cytological, immunohistochemical and
molecular features of PAC.
Histopathological examination is usually adequate
for PAC differential diagnosis from other SGTs, except
of AdCC. Several immunohistochemical markers
including c-Kit, S-100/ MG, Mcm-2 and Integrin β-1, -3,
-4, are reported to be useful diagnostic aids in borderline
cases. Limitations in sample numbers and study
methodology issues of the immunohistochemical PAC
studies complicate the identification and selection of
appropriate markers useful in the differential diagnosis.
Additionally, molecular analyses of PAC specimens
indicate that the PAC spectrum phenotypes result from
different genotypes (protein kinase D positive; PRKD(+)
and PRKD(-) tumors). PAC pathogenesis remains to be
determined in each particular genotype while the
convergence issue should be addressed in future studies.
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