Publication: Chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors
Gardner, Oliver F.W. ; Archer, Charles W. ; Alini, Mauro ; Stoddart, Martin J.
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Publisher
F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Despite its remarkable ability to resist
mechanical loading, articular cartilage is not capable of
mounting a useful reparative reaction in response to
damage caused by trauma or disease. As a result
numerous surgical and medical approaches have been
developed to aid the healing of articular cartilage.
Despite the success of surgical techniques such as
microfracture, recently attentions have been turned to
cell based therapies such as autologous chondrocyte
implantation (ACI). ACI has produced encouraging
results, however better results may be achievable
through an evolution of this surgical approach. Since the
first generation of ACI techniques changes have been
made in the technique e.g. the introduction of collagen
membranes instead of periosteal flaps, and more recently
the use of collagen scaffolds for cellular delivery. The
procedure has also moved on from being performed as
an open operation and can now be performed
arthroscopically. Despite these advances the procedure
still uses chondrocytes harvested from the joint being
repaired. These cells are vulnerable to dedifferentiation
during the required in vitro expansion, and as a result
may not be capable of producing repair tissue once
implanted back into the joint. Mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) may provide a dedifferentiation resistant
alternative to chondrocytes. MSCs would also allow for
the use of one arthroscopic operation on the affected
joint, as opposed to the two operations that are currently
required for ACI.
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