Publication: Narrativa epidémica. La construcción social de las crisis sanitarias en la ficción literaria
Authors
Nespereira García, Javier
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Publisher
Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Editum
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Las crisis sanitarias de las últimas décadas han sido al mismo tiempo crisis
mediáticas, históricas y socioculturales. En este contexto, numerosos autores han
señalado la importancia de las narrativas de ficción en la transformación y
transmisión de los valores morales e ideológicos implicados.
En el siguiente trabajo presentamos el estudio comparativo de dos obras de ficción
narrativa literaria en las que el relato se estructura en torno a la gestión de una
crisis epidémica de consecuencias catastróficas. En estas novelas, publicadas y
ambientadas en diferentes momentos históricos, hemos analizado cómo se
construyen las nociones de epidemia y contagio, las representaciones sociales de la
ciencia médica, las autoridades sanitarias, y las acciones de las instituciones
políticas, la sociedad y sus ciudadanos frente a un grave riesgo sanitario.
Las obras analizadas reflejan los cambios históricos en las construcciones sociales
de las catástrofes epidémicas, desde el positivismo científico en el que se enmarca
la crónica de Daniel Defoe —The Journal of the Plague Year, 1772—, a la crítica
reflexiva frente a la utilización política del conocimiento científico implícita en La
peste de Albert Camus (1947). Estas novelas, de carácter realista, constituyen el
precedente literario de la actual ficción narrativa epidémica, principalmente de
ciencia-ficción apocalíptica o post-apocalíptica, cuya popularidad ha crecido
significativamente en los últimos años.
The latest public health crises have also been media, historical and socio-cultural crises. In this context, many authors have highlighted the importance of fiction narratives in the transformation and transmission of the moral and ideological values involved. In this paper, I exposed a comparative study of two pieces of literary narrative fiction in which the plot is structured around the management of a catastrophic epidemic. These novels have been published and set in different historical scenarios. Therefore I have analyzed how the notions of epidemic and contagion are historically constructed, as well as the social representations of medical science, of public health authorities, and the actions of the political institutions, society and its citizens in front of a severe health risk. These pieces reflect the historical changes in social construction of epidemic disasters, from scientific positivism which framed the Daniel Defoe’s chronicle —The Journal of the Plague Year (1772) — to the reflexive criticism against the political use of scientific knowledge implied in Albert Camus’ La peste (1947). These novels, largely realists, constitute the literary model for the current epidemic fiction narrative, mainly apocalyptic or post-apocalyptic science fiction, which popularity has grown significantly in the last years.
The latest public health crises have also been media, historical and socio-cultural crises. In this context, many authors have highlighted the importance of fiction narratives in the transformation and transmission of the moral and ideological values involved. In this paper, I exposed a comparative study of two pieces of literary narrative fiction in which the plot is structured around the management of a catastrophic epidemic. These novels have been published and set in different historical scenarios. Therefore I have analyzed how the notions of epidemic and contagion are historically constructed, as well as the social representations of medical science, of public health authorities, and the actions of the political institutions, society and its citizens in front of a severe health risk. These pieces reflect the historical changes in social construction of epidemic disasters, from scientific positivism which framed the Daniel Defoe’s chronicle —The Journal of the Plague Year (1772) — to the reflexive criticism against the political use of scientific knowledge implied in Albert Camus’ La peste (1947). These novels, largely realists, constitute the literary model for the current epidemic fiction narrative, mainly apocalyptic or post-apocalyptic science fiction, which popularity has grown significantly in the last years.
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