Publication: Angiogenesis: an update
Authors
Díaz-Flores, Lucio ; Gutiérrez, Ricardo ; Varela, H.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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Description
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the neovascularization or
formation of new blood vessels from the established
microcirculation. It is particularly important and
indispensable in a large number of normal and
pathological processes during pre- and post-natal life,
including neoplasia, inflammation, wound repair and
collaterization in response to ischemic stimuli. The
current interest in the role of neovascularization in the
transition from hyperplasia to neoplasia, as well as in the
tumour growth and metastasis, has brought about a large
number of studies on angiogenesis. The complex
processes of neovascularization, quiescent in the adult
organism, may occur rapidly in several circumstances,
with the implication of the following events: a)
endothelial cell (EC) and pericyte activation; b) basal
lamina degradation; c) migration and proliferation of EC
and pericytes; d) formation of a new capillary vessel
lumen; e) appearance of pericytes around the new
capillaries; f) development of a new basal lamina; g)
capillary loop formation; h) persistence or involution,
and differentiation of the new vessels; and i) capillary
network formation and, eventually, organization into
larger microvessels. The use of numerous "in vivo" and
"in vitro" systems has facilitated the assessment of
angiogenesis control, in which angiogenic (fibroblast
growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor,
platelet endothelial growth factor, E series prostaglandin,
angiogenin, monobutyrin) and antiangiogenic (cartilagederived angiogenic inhibitor, thrombospondin,
protamine, platelet factor-4, interferon, angiostatic
antibiotics, steroids) substances intervene. Heparin and
heparin sulphate also play a key role in these
mechanisms. A greater knowledge of angiogenesis
control may lead to the development of a potential
therapy in angiogenesis-related processes.
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