Publication: Molecular imaging: Bridging the gap
between neuroradiology and neurohistology
Authors
Heckl, S. ; Pipkorn, R. ; Nägele, T. ; Vogel, U. ; Küker, W. ; Voigt, K.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Historically, in vivo imaging methods have
largely relied on imaging gross anatomy. More recently
it has become possible to depict biological processes at
the cellular and molecular level. These new research
methods use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
positron emission tomography (PET), near-infrared
optical imaging, scintigraphy, and autoradiography in
vivo and in vitro. Of primary interest is the development
of methods using MRI and PET with which the progress
of gene therapy in glioblastoma (herpes simplex
virus–thymidine kinase) and Parkinson’s disease can be
monitored and graphically displayed.
The distribution of serotonin receptors in the human
brain and the duration of serotonin- receptor antagonist
binding can be assessed by PET. With PET, it is possible
to localize neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and ß-amyloid
senile plaques (APs) in the brains of living Alzheimer
disease (AD) patients. MR tracking of transplanted
oligodendrocyte progenitors is feasible for determining
the extent of remyelinization in myelin-deficient rats.
Stroke therapy in adult rats with subventricular zone
cells can be monitored by MRI. Transgene expression
(ß-galactosidase, tyrosinase, engineered transferrin
receptor) can also be visualized using MRI.
Macrophages can be marked with certain iron-containing
contrast agents which, through accumulation at the
margins of glioblastomas, ameliorate the visual
demarcation in MRI.
The use of near-infrared optical imaging techniques
to visualize matrix-metalloproteinases and cathepsin B
can improve the assessment of tumor aggressiveness and
angiogenesis-inhibitory therapy. Apoptosis could be
detected using near-infrared optical imaging
representation of caspase 3 activity and annexin B.
This review demonstrates the need for
neurohistological research if further progress is to be made in the emerging but burgeoning field of molecular
imaging.
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