Publication: Mammalian target of rapamycin: Master regulator of cell growth in the nervous system
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Date
2007
Authors
Sandsmark, D.K. ; Pelletier, C. ; Weber, J.D. ; Gutmann, D.H.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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Description
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase that
regulates a number of diverse biologic processes
important for cell growth and proliferation, including
ribosomal biogenesis and protein translation. In this
regard, hyperactivation of the mTOR signaling pathway
has been demonstrated in numerous human cancers,
including a number of inherited cancer syndromes in
which individuals have an increased risk of developing
benign and malignant tumors. Three of these inherited
cancer syndromes (Lhermitte-Duclos disease,
neurofibromatosis type 1, and tuberous sclerosis
complex) are characterized by significant central
nervous system dysfunction and brain tumor formation.
Each of these disorders is caused by a genetic mutation
that disrupts the expression of proteins which negatively
regulate mTOR signaling, indicating that the mTOR
signaling pathway is critical for appropriate brain
development and function. In this review, we discuss our
current understanding of the mTOR signaling pathway
and its role in promoting ribosome biogenesis and cell
growth. We suggest that studies of this pathway may
prove useful in identifying molecular targets for
biologically-based therapies of brain tumors associated
with these inherited cancer syndromes as well as
sporadic central nervous system tumors.
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