Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la

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Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la

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Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la

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Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte

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Open Access
Association between Covid-19 sources of information, beliefs, and vaccination rates: an EU-wide survey.
(Oxford University Press, 2023-07-14) Moreno Llamas, Antonio; Devine, Emily Beth; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Mendiola Olivares, Jaime; García Mayor, Jesús; Torres Cantero, Alberto Manuel; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
Background: Misinformation hampers vaccine uptake. The European Union (EU) employed a coordinated effort to curb misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this context, we investigated relationships between sources of information, vaccine safety/effectiveness, satisfaction with government vaccination strategy, and vaccination intent. Methods: We used cross-sectional survey data (May 2021) from Flash Eurobarometer 494, a populationadjusted dataset comprised of a representative sample of those 15 years from 27 EU nations. We employed a latent class analysis to create clusters of information sources as the independent variable and beliefs in vaccine safety/efficacy, satisfaction with government vaccination strategy, and vaccine intent as four outcome variables. We first estimated the association between source clusters and each of the first three outcomes separately. Then, using these three as intermediate variables, we employed structural equation modeling to estimate the relationship between sources and vaccine intent. We adjusted for individual and country-level variables. Results: Among 23 012 respondents, four clusters of information sources emerged: (1) national authorities/health professionals (n¼9602; 42%), (2) mostly health professionals (6184; 27%), (3) mixed (n¼1705; 17%) and (4) social media/family/ friends (n¼5524; 24%). Using cluster (3) as the referent, we found decreasing odds of beliefs in vaccine safety/effectiveness, satisfaction and vaccine intent across clusters (1), (2) and (4), respectively. Demographics played a role. Conclusion: In the context of the Covid pandemic, these results provide the first EU-wide estimates of the association between sources of information about vaccine safety/effectiveness, satisfaction and vaccine intent. The coordinated approach promulgated by the EU to minimize misinformation provides a model for managing future pandemics.
Embargo
Urban-rural differences in trajectories of physical activity in Europe from 2002 to 2017
(Elsevier, 2021-04-16) Moreno-Llamas, Antonio; García Mayor, Jesús; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Actividad Física y Deporte
Here we evaluate the time trends of urban-rural differences in physical activity in the European Union between 2002 and 2017 and the contribution of urbanization on total physical activity changes, using four Eurobarometer surveys (n = 101,373). Trajectories of urban-rural differences in physical activity varied considerably among EU28 countries. Hierarchical linear regression models revealed that inactivity increased in both urban and rural settings, although it was higher in the latter. Thereby, the urban-rural gap diminished and was even eliminated in some countries. Also, national changes across time were driven by urban places, showing little contribution from urbanization. Our findings suggest that inactivity has risen in Europe regardless of living environments and with regional urbanization development having little influence.
Embargo
Gender inequality is associated with gender differences and women participation in physical activity
(Oxford University Press, 2021-10-01) Moreno-Llamas, Antonio; García Mayor, Jesús; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Actividad Física y Deporte
Background: Living standards determine population’s physical activity (PA); however, more women are systemically insufficiently active, suggesting social gender inequality factors. Thus, we assessed the association between gender inequality, PA differences between genders, and total PA. Methods: We used three independent cross-sectional databases at country-level: PA prevalence (i.e., Active Lifestyle) from the World Health Organization with 1.9 million individuals from 168 countries; daily steps (smartphone registers) of 693 806 people from 46 countries and sport participation in the 2016 Summer Olympics with 11 191 athletes. Gender Inequality Index was used to evaluate aspects surrounding gender equality controlling for overall economic and health status. Results: Higher gender inequality was associated with gender differences in PA (Active Lifestyle, 0.402, P < 0.001; Steps, 0.542, P < 0.001; Olympic participation, 0.346, P = 0.001). Likewise, lower gender inequality was associated with increased women activity (Active Lifestyle, −0.838, P < 0.001; Steps, −0.81, P < 0.001; Olympic participation, −0.577, P < 0.001), and men activity (Active Lifestyle, −0.453, P < 0.001; Steps, −0.461, P = 0.002). Conclusions: Lower women PA levels could be influenced by gender inequality. Public health policies aimed to improve women living conditions which may promote their participation in PA and sport.
Open Access
How Europeans move: a moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sitting time paradox in the European Union
(Elsevier, 2022-02) Moreno Llamas, A.; García Mayor, Jesús; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Actividad Física y Deporte
Objectives This study aimed to assess the interactions between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour in a large population taking account of major sociodemographic characteristics. Study design Cross-sectional population-based study. Methods Data from 28,031 individuals living in the European Union who were aged ≥15 years were retrieved from a cross-sectional survey, the Eurobarometer 2017. Interactions among the four mobility components (vigorous, moderate, walking activity and sitting time) were assessed at the individual level across age, gender and place of residence, and at the country level by compositional data analysis, hierarchical linear regressions and principal component analysis. Results The most frequently reported PA was walking; however, sitting time represented >95% of the reported weekly times, whereas moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) represented <1%. Women reported less PA and sitting time, age decreased total PA and increased sitting time, and individuals living in large urban areas reported lower PA and higher sitting times. MVPA decreased with age (β = −0.047, P < 0.001) and was lower in women (β = −0.760, P < 0.001) and those living in large urban areas (β = −0.581, P < 0.001), while walking and sitting times increased with age, being higher in women and lower in those living in rural areas. At the country level, sitting time was positively associated with moderate activity (β = 0.389, P = 0.041) and marginally non-significant with MVPA (β = 0.330, P = 0.087). Conclusions Walking was the highest contributor to weekly PA, whereas sitting time was paradoxically associated with higher MVPA. Specific measures to reduce sitting time are required to achieve an active lifestyle.
Open Access
Protocol: Survey responses to estimate the association between Covid-19 sources of information, beliefs, and vaccination rates
(2022-09) Moreno-Llamas, Antonio; Devine, Beth; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Mendiola Olivares, Jaime; García Mayor, Jesús; Torres Cantero, Alberto Manuel; Actividad Física y Deporte
Open Access
Conceptos básicos en actividad física y salud
Moreno Llamas, Antonio; García Mayor, Jesús; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Actividad Física y Deporte; Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte; Departamento de Actividad F�sica y del Deporte
Embargo
High educational attainment redresses the effect of occupational social class on health-related lifestyle: findings from four Spanish national health surveys
(Elsevier, 2021-02-25) Moreno-Llamas, Antonio; García Mayor, Jesús; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Actividad Física y Deporte
Purpose: Social determinants as occupational social class or educational attainment might influence health outcomes. This phenomenon is known as the social gradient of health and is related to a skewed distribution of health behaviours that might explain differences in morbidity and mortality between social groups. But social class and educational attainment differ in their nature and might have distinct effects on health. Here we study the combined effect of educational attainment and occupational social class on health-related lifestyle. Methods: We retrieved data from four large-scale, national representative Spanish surveys (n = 67,171). A latent class regression analysis was run to identify clusters of health-related lifestyle behaviours. Clusters were made according to sociodemographic factors, including a combined analysis of education and occupational social class. Results: Higher educational attainment and occupational social class were associated with a healthier lifestyle for both sexes. The combined analysis of education and social class indicated that women with secondary education showed a high risk combination of unhealthy behaviours, as men with middle, primary or no education. Conclusions: Regardless of social class, a higher educational attainment redresses the effect of occupational social class on health-related behaviours. Our results suggest that education likely plays a crucial role in population health outcomes through its effects on lifestyle.
Embargo
The impact of digital technology development on sitting time across Europe
(Elsevier, 2020-09-15) Moreno-Llamas, Antonio; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; García Mayor, Jesús; Actividad Física y Deporte
Digital technology development has been proposed to explain higher levels of sedentary behaviour; but this has not yet been confirmed. Thus, here we evaluated the impact of digital development on sedentary behaviour using two metrics: digital country development and e-devices ownership from the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and the Eurobarometer 88.4 cross-sectional survey with 28,031 participants ≥ 15 years old. From an environmental macro perspective, at the national level, a simple linear regression has been performed between the DESI and mean sitting time per country. To develop a micro approach to this phenomenon, binomial logistic regression models have been run among individual e-devices ownership and the daily amount of time spent sitting (≤3.5 h/day, > 4.5 h/day). Digital country development is positively related to sitting time, whereas the ownership of e-device (either DVD player, CD player, desk computer, laptop, and Internet connection) was associated with a higher sitting time (>4.5 h/day) in the overall population, with slight differences by gender. While further research is needed to understand the effect of digitalization on sedentary behaviour throughout time, here we document how it is associated with higher sitting time, as assessed through both macro and micro approaches.
Open Access
Hoja de cálculo para realizar evaluación antropométrica
(2024-06-21) García Mayor, Jesús; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte; Departamento de Actividad F�sica y del Deporte
Introducción La evaluación antropométrica es una herramienta fundamental en la medicina, nutrición, y deportes, utilizada para medir las dimensiones físicas y la composición corporal de un individuo. Una hoja de cálculo bien diseñada puede simplificar y agilizar este proceso, permitiendo a los profesionales recopilar, analizar y visualizar datos de manera eficiente. Objetivos El objetivo principal de esta hoja de cálculo es proporcionar una plataforma estructurada y fácil de usar para la evaluación antropométrica. Esto incluye: Recolección de Datos: Facilitar la entrada precisa de datos antropométricos. Cálculos Automáticos: Realizar cálculos instantáneos de índices y proporciones relevantes. Análisis y Comparación: Permitir la comparación de los datos individuales con referencias estándar. Visualización de Datos: Generar un somatotipo para una interpretación visual de los resultados.
Embargo
Physical activity barriers according to social stratification in Europe
(Springer, 2020-09-28) Moreno Llamas, Antonio; García Mayor, Jesús; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Actividad Física y Deporte
ObjectivesTo analyse relationships of social stratification on physical activity (PA) prevalence and barriers in theEuropean population.MethodsData were retrieved from Eurobarometer 88.4, a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2017 with 28,031 over15-year-old inhabitants of the European Union. PA prevalence was calculated along with the probability to be physicallyinactive by social stratification. Logistic regressions were run in the inactive population to show the social class effect oneach barrier adjusted by sociodemographic factors employing a propensity score matched method.ResultsLow social class presented higher inactivity prevalence (43.11%), whilst the high social class reported the lowestprevalence (23.30%). Also, the low (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.47–0.58) and middle (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.64–0.79) social classeswere less likely to be active compared to high social class. In the inactive population, the low social class had mostly higherodds to report each barrier.ConclusionsSocial class is a relevant factor for low PA, with more barriers in the lower social classes. Public healthinstitutions should implement strategies on more influential PA barriers and disadvantaged social groups.