Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar

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Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar

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Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar

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Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Actividad Física y Deporte

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Open Access
Prevalence and characteristics of back pain in children and adolescents from the Region of Murcia (Spain): ISQUIOS programme
(MDPI, 2022-01-15) Martínez Romero, María Teresa; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Actividad Física y Deporte
Puberty is a vulnerable period for musculoskeletal disorders due to the existence of a wide inter-individual variation in growth and development. The main objective of the present study was to describe the prevalence of back pain (BP) in the past year and month in school-aged children according to sex, age, maturity status, body mass index (BMI) and pain characteristics. This study involved 513 students aged between 9 and 16 years. Anthropometric measures were recorded to calculate the maturity stage of the students using a regression equation comprising measures for age, body mass, body height, sitting height and leg length. An ad hoc questionnaire composed of eight questions was used to describe BP prevalence in school-aged children. The results showed that the prevalence of BP in school-aged children was observed in 35.1% over the last year (45% boys and 55% girls), and 17.3% (40.4% boys and 59.6% girls, with an association found between female sex and BP) in the last month. The prevalence of back pain in the past year and month was higher the older the students were, or the more pubertal development they had experienced. The prevalence of BP in the last year was also higher in those with overweight or obesity. After adjustment for sex, there was an association between BP and older age and higher BMI in boys and an association between BP and higher pubertal development in girls. In summary, the present study showed that the prevalence of BP was related to the maturity stage and weight of the participants, with different prevalence patterns found according to sex.
Open Access
Assessment of the range of movement of the lower limb in sport: advantages of the ROM-SPORT I battery
(MDPI, 2020-10-19) De Ste Croix, Mark; Ayala Rodríguez, Francisco; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Santonja Medina, Fernando; Cirugía, Pediatría y Obstetricia y Ginecología
Range of movement (ROM) assessment is an important strategy to increase physical-technical performance and minimize the risk of sports-related injuries. Currently, there is no consensus regarding which ROM assessment method is the most appropriate. The main objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the test batteries available for the assessment of lower limb ROM; additionally, we compare the ROM-SPORT I battery with those previously reported in the literature. The systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The identification of publications was made by using the databases SciELO, Medline, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Based on the inclusion criteria, sixteen publications were selected and analyzed. The ROM-SPORT I battery is the most valid of the analyzed methods. This battery evaluates the ROM of eleven lower limb movements. The inclinometer with a telescopic arm and a box is a simpler, more comfortable, and faster procedure than others. The Lumbosant support and use of two examiners are essential to avoid compensatory movements to obtain reliable measurements during ROM assessment. The ROM-SPORT I is a field-based battery of tests that may be used by sports professionals, clinics, and researchers in applied settings to accurately assess and monitor lower extremity ROM.
Embargo
Epidemiology of injuries in male and female youth football players: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(2022) López Valenciano, Alejandro; De Ste Croix, Mark; Oliver, Jon L.; García Gómez, Alberto; Ayala Rodríguez, Francisco; Robles Palazón, Francisco Javier; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Actividad Física y Deporte
Background: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological data of injuries in male and female youth football players. Methods: Searches were performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus databases. Studies were considered if they reported injury incidence rate in male and female youth (≤19 years old) football players. Two reviewers (FJRP and ALV) extracted data and assessed trial quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach determined the quality of evidence. Studies were combined using a Poisson random effects regression model. Results: Forty-three studies were included. The overall incidence rate was 5.70 injuries/1000 h in males and 6.77 injuries/1000 h in females. Match injury incidence (14.43 injuries/1000 h in males and 14.97 injuries/1000 h in females) was significantly higher than training injury incidence (2.77 injuries/1000 h in males and 2.62 injuries/1000 h in females). The lower extremity had the highest incidence rate in both sexes. The most common type of injury was muscle/tendon for males and joint/ligament for females. Minimal injuries were the most common in both sexes. The incidence rate of injuries increased with advances in chronological age in males. Elite male players presented higher match injury incidence than sub-elite players. In females, there was a paucity of data for comparison across age groups and levels of play. Conclusion: The high injury incidence rates and sex differences identified for the most common location and type of injury reinforce the need for implementing different targeted injury-risk mitigation strategies in male and female youth football players.
Open Access
Effects of age and maturation on lower extremity range of motion in male youth soccer players
(2022-05) De Ste Croix, Mark; Ayala Rodríguez, Francisco; Robles Palazón, Francisco Javier; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Santonja Medina, Fernando; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Actividad Física y Deporte
Restricted joint range of motion (ROM) has been considered as a primary risk factor for some sport-related injuries. Consequently, pre-participation assessment of lower extremity joints ROM could help identify youth soccer players at high risk of injury and to aid in the design of tailored age and maturational specific training interventions. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the influence of chronological age and maturational stage on several lower extremity ROM measures, as well as to describe the lower extremity ROM profile using a comprehensive approach in youth soccer players. A total of 286 male youth soccer players ROM was assessed including: passive hip (extension [PHE], adduction with hip flexed 90º [PHADHF90º], flexion with knee flexed [PHFKF] and extended [PHFKE], abduction with hip neutral [PHABD] and flexed 90º [PHABDHF90º], external [PHER] and internal [PHIR] rotation), knee (flexion [PKF]) and ankle (dorsiflexion with knee flexed [ADFKF] and extended [ADFKE]) ROMs. Between-group differences were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and magnitude-based decisions. The results only report statistically significant (p < 0.05; d > 0.5) and clinically relevant differences (> 8º) for the PKF ROM between U12 vs. U19, and Pre-PHV vs. Post-PHV groups. Furthermore, approximately 40%, 35% and 20% of players displayed restrictions in their PHFKE, PKF, and ADFKF ROM values, respectively. These findings emphasize the necessity of prescribing (across all age groups and periods of growth and maturation) compensatory measures in daily soccer training, and these exercises should be equally applied to both limbs with the aim of improving PHFKE, PKF and ADFKF ROM values.
Open Access
Sagittal integral morphotype of female classical ballet dancers and predictors of sciatica and low back pain
(MDPI, 2021-05-10) Gómez Lozano, Sebastián; Vargas Macías, Alfonso; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Santonja Medina, Fernando; Cirugía, Pediatría y Obstetricia y Ginecología
The aims of this study were to describe the sagittal integral morphotype (SIM) of classical ballet (CB) dancers, and to establish predictor factors and their cut off values for high risk of experiencing sciatica or low back pain (LBP). This retrospective cohort study was performed in 33 female professional CB dancers. Data related to anthropometric parameters, CB dance experience, sciatica or LBP history, and sagittal spine curvatures were collected. A binary logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic analysis were performed. The main spine misalignments observed in the SIM of CB dancers were thoracic functional hyperkyphosis, hypomobile kyphosis, and hypokyphosis, and those for the lumbar curvature were hyperlordotic attitude and functional hyperkyphosis. The lumbar curvature in slump sitting and trunk forward bending positions, together with the stature, were significant predictor factors of sciatica history, while the years of dance experience was a significant predictor factor of LBP history. The cut off values analysis revealed that dancers with a stature of 161 cm or less, and those with 14 years of experience or more, have a greater probability of experiencing sciatica or LBP history, respectively.
Open Access
Classification System of the Sagittal Integral Morphotype in Children from the Region of Murcia (Spain): ISQUIOS Programme
(MDPI, 2020-04-04) Collazo Diéguez, Mónica; Andújar, Pilar; Santonja Medina, Fernando; Martínez Romero, María Teresa; Rodríguez Ferrán, Olga; Aparicio Sarmiento, Alba; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Actividad Física y Deporte
The sagittal spinal morphology presents 4 physiological curvatures that increase endurance to axial compression forces and allow adequate postural balance. These curves must remain within normal ranges to achieve a static and dynamic balance, a correct functioning of the muscles and an adequate distribution of the loads, and thus minimize the injury risk. The purpose of this study was to categorize the sagittal spinal alignment according to the different morphotypes obtained for each curve in standing, slump sitting, and trunk forward bending positions in schoolchildren. It was a cross-sectional study. Sagittal spinal curvatures were assessed in 731 students from 16 elementary schools. In the sagittal standing position assessment, 70.45% and 89.06% of schoolchildren presented a “normal” morphotype for both dorsal and lumbar curves, respectively. After the application of the “Sagittal Integral Morphotype” protocol according to the morphotypes obtained in the three positions assessment (standing, slump sitting, and trunk forward bending), it was observed how the frequency of normal morphotypes for the dorsal and lumbar curve decreased considerably (only 32% and 6.6% of children obtained a “normal sagittal integral morphotype” for the thoracic and lumbar curvatures, respectively). These results show how it is necessary to include the slump sitting and trunk forward bending assessment as part of the protocol to define the “integral” sagittal alignment of the spine and establish a correct diagnosis. The use of the diagnostic classification presented in this study will allow early detection of misalignment not identified with the assessment of standing position.
Open Access
Validity and reliability of new the Basic Functional Assessment protocol (BFA)
(MDPI, 2020-07-05) Gil López, María Isabel; Martínez Pozo, David; Hernández García, Raquel; Martínez Romero, María Teresa; Aparicio Sarmiento, Alba; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Actividad Física y Deporte
The global evaluation of motion patterns can examine the synchrony of neuromuscular control, range of motion, strength, resistance, balance and coordination needed to complete the movement. Visual assessments are commonly used to detect risk factors. However, it is essential to define standardized field-based tests that can evaluate with accuracy. The aims of the study were to design a protocol to evaluate fundamental motor patterns (FMP), and to analyze the validity and reliability of an instrument created to provide information about the quality of movement in FMP. Five tasks were selected: Overhead Squat (OHS); Hurdle Step (HS); Forward Step Down (FSD); Shoulder Mobility (SM); Active Stretching Leg Raise (ASLR). A list of variables was created for the evaluation of each task. Ten qualified judges assessed the validity of the instrument, while six external observers performed inter-intra reliability. The results show that the instrument is valid according to the experts’ opinion; however, the reliability shows values below those established. Thus, the instrument was considered unreliable, so it is recommended to repeat the reliability process by performing more training sessions for the external observers. The present study creates the basic functional assessment (BFA), a new protocol which comprises five tasks and an instrument to evaluate FMP.
Open Access
A Meta-Analysis of the Reliability of Four Field-Based Trunk Extension Endurance Tests
(MDPI, 2020-04-29) de Ste Croix, Mark; Vera-García, Francisco J; Ayala Rodríguez, Francisco; Martínez Romero, María Teresa; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Santonja Medina, Fernando; Sánchez Meca, Julio; Actividad Física y Deporte
This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the inter- and intra-tester reliability of endurance measures obtained through trunk extension field-based tests and to explore the influence of the moderators on the reliability estimates. The reliability induction rate of trunk extension endurance measures was also calculated. A systematic search was conducted using various databases, and subsequently 28 studies were selected that reported intraclass correlation coeﬃcients for trunk extension endurance measures. Separate meta-analyses were conducted using a random-eﬀects model. When possible, analyses of potential moderator variables were carried out. The inter-tester average reliability of the endurance measure obtained from the Biering-Sorensen test was intraclass correlation coeﬃcient (ICC)= 0.94. The intra-session reliability estimates of the endurance measures recorded using the Biering-Sorensen test, the prone isometric chest raise test, and the prone double straight-leg test were ICC= 0.88, 0.90, and 0.86, respectively. The inter-session average reliability of the endurance measures from the Biering-Sorensen test, the prone isometric chest raise test, and the dynamic extensor endurance test were ICC= 0.88, 0.95, and 0.99, respectively. However, due to the limited evidence available, the reliability estimates of the measures obtained through the prone isometric chest raise, prone double straight-leg, and dynamic extensor endurance tests should be considered with a degree of caution. Position control instruments, tools, and familiarization session demonstrated a statistical association with the inter-session reliability of the Biering-Sorensen test. The reliability induction rate was 72.8%. Only the trunk extension endurance measure obtained through the Biering-Sorensen test presented suﬃcient scientific evidence in terms of reliability to justify its use for research and practical purposes.
Open Access
Reliability, validity, and maturation-related differences of frontal and sagittal plane landing kinematic measures during drop jump and tuck jump screening tests in male youth soccer players
(2021) Ruiz Pérez, Iñaki; Oliver, Jon L.; Ayala Rodríguez, Francisco; Robles Palazón, Francisco Javier; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Actividad Física y Deporte
Objectives: To determine the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of frontal and sagittal plane landing kinematic measures during drop jump (DVJ) and tuck jump (TJA) tasks in male youth soccer players, to assess the concurrent validity between DVJ and TJA tests, and to evaluate the ability of both tasks to detect differences between players’ stage of maturation. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: 223 male youth soccer players. Main outcome measures: Frontal plane knee projection angles (FPPA), and hip (HF), knee (KF) and ankle (AF) flexion angles at initial contact (IC) and peak flexion (PF) (i.e., the deepest landing position) in the sagittal plane were assessed. Results: Good-to-excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability (ICC > 0.75; TEMST < 0.3; CVTE < 5%) for the FPPA, HF and KF during DVJ and TJA tasks were found. A low concurrent validity between DVJ and TJA measures was reported. Differences by maturity status (BF10 > 10; error < 10; d > 0.6) were only identified for the TJA. Pre-PHV group reported higher FPPA, HF-IC, HF-PF, and KF-IC values, as well as lower AF-IC than post-PHV. Pre-PHV also displayed greater HF-IC and KF-IC than circa-PHV group. Conclusions: Although both tests are reliable, the TJA might be viewed as a more informative tool given it shows greater FPPA and can also detect differences by maturity status.
Open Access
Sagittal spinal morphotype assessment in 8 to 15 years old Inline Hockey players
(PeerJ Inc, 2020-01-02) Moreno Alcaraz, Victor Jesús; Sainz de Baranda Andújar, Pilar; Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Martínez Romero, María Teresa; Aparicio Sarmiento, Alba; Santonja Medina, Fernando; Cirugía, Pediatría y Obstetricia y Ginecología
Background: Physiological sagittal spinal curvatures play an important role in health and performance in sports. For that reason, several scientific studies have assessed spinal morphology in young athletes. However, to our knowledge, no study has assessed the implications of Inline Hockey (IH) practice on sagittal integrative spinal morphotype in adolescent players. Objectives: The aims of the present study were to describe habitual sagittal spinal posture in young federated IH players and its relationship with training load and to determine the sagittal integrative spinal morphotype in these players. Methods: An observational analysis was developed to describe the sagittal spinal morphotype in young federated IH players. A total of 74 IH players from the Technification Plan organized by the Skating Federation of the Valencian Community (aged from 8 to 15 years) participated in the study. Thoracic and lumbar curvatures of the spine were measured in a relaxed standing position (SP), in a slump sitting position (SSP) and in maximum flexion of the trunk (MFT) to determine the “Sagittal Integrative Morphotype” of all players. An unilevel inclinometer was used to quantify the sagittal spinal curvatures. The Hip Joint Angle test was used to quantify the Lumbo-Horizontal angle in flexion (L-H fx) of all participants with a goniometer. Results: When thoracic curvature was analyzed according to normality references, it was found that 64.9% of IH players had thoracic hyperkyphosis in a SSP, while 60.8% and 74.3% of players were classified as normal in a SP and in MFT, respectively. As for the lumbar curve, 89.2% in a SP and 55.4% in MFT were normal, whereas 68.9% of IH players presented lumbar hyperkyphosis in a SSP. Regarding the “Sagittal Integrative Morphotype,” only 17.6% of players were classified as “Normal” in the three measured positions for the thoracic curve, while 37.8% had “Thoracic Hyperkyphosis” and 41.8% presented “Functional Thoracic Hyperkyphosis.” As for the “Sagittal Integrative Lumbar Morphotype,” only 23% of athletes had a normal curve in the three positions, whereas 66.2% presented “Functional Lumbar Hyperkyphosis.” When the L-H fx was evaluated, the results showed that only 16.2% of the athletes were classified as normal. Conclusions: Federative IH practice seems to cause specific adaptations in spinal sagittal morphotype. Taking into account the “Sagittal Integrative Morphotype” only 17.6% IH players presented “Normal Morphotype” with a normal thoracic kyphosis in the three measured positions, while only 23% IH players presented “Normal Morphotype” with a normal lumbar curvature in the three assessed positions. Furthermore, only 16.2% of IH players showed normal pelvic tilt. Exercise programs to prevent or rehabilitate these imbalances in young IH players are needed.