Browsing by Subject "Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo"

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    A Meta-analytic Study on Executive Function Performance in Children/Adolescents with OCD
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2022) López Hernández, Paloma; Sánchez Meca, Julio; Rosa Alcázar, Ángel; Rosa Alcázar, Ana Isabel
    The main objective of this work was to carry out a meta-analytical study to examine performance in executive functions in children/adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method: A comprehensive literature search from 1984 to September 2021 was con-ducted, selecting a total of 20 published studies comparing executive func-tion outcomes among a group of children and/or adolescents with OCD and a healthy control group. Results: Results showed that the total score on the quality scale of studies ranged between 3 and 8.5 points (on a scale of 0 to 9), with a mean of 6.6. The effect sizes in the different executive func-tions were as follows: Inhibition (d+ = -0.221), Cognitive flexibility (d+ = -0.418), Decision making (d+ = -0.169) and Planning (d+ = -0.319), indicat-ing a lower performance in the OCD groups compared to the healthy con-trol groups. Results were clinically significant in all domains except deci-sion making. Publication bias could only be carried out in flexibility and re-sponse inhibition. Conclusions: OCD patients presented worse executive performance than healthy controls in all functions, highlighting cognitive flexibility and planning. However, results should be interpreted with cau-tion due to the small sample size.
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    Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo durante el período perinatal: epidemiología, fenomenología, etiopatogenia y tratamiento
    (Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, Editum, 2015-01) Frías, Álvaro; Palma, Carolina; Barón, Francisco; Varela, Paloma; Álvarez, Ana; Salvador, Ana
    El objetivo de la presente revisión teórica es describir los principales hallazgos e investigaciones sobre el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) durante el período perinatal. Por una parte, los estudios epidemiológicos señalan que en esta etapa aumenta el riesgo de debut y/o exacerbación del TOC, especialmente en el puerperio. A nivel fenomenológico, predominan las obsesiones agresivas y de contaminación relacionadas con la figura del feto o neonato. En cuanto a su etiopatogenia, existen evidencias indirectas para postular la participación de variables neuroendocrinas (p.e. esteroides gonadales femeninos y oxitocina) y cognitivo-conductuales (p.e. hiperresponsabilidad, sobreestimación de la amenaza y control mental), siendo necesaria una mayor contrastación empírica de estos correlatos y/o factores de vulnerabilidad específicos. En el ámbito interventivo, se carece de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados con grupo control adaptados a las características idiosincrásicas de este subgrupo de sujetos con TOC. Así mismo, se destaca el papel de la terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) en el marco de la prevención primaria selectiva.