Browsing by Subject "Transitivity"

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    Testing nonmonotonicity in health preferences
    (Sage Publications, 2024-01) Abellán Perpiñán, José María; Martínez Pérez, Jorge Eduardo; Pinto Prades, José Luis; Sánchez Martínez, Fernando Ignacio; Economía Aplicada
    Objective. The main aim of this article is to test monotonicity in life duration. Previous findings suggest that, for poor health states, longer durations are preferred to shorter durations up to some threshold or maximum endurable time (MET), and shorter durations are preferred to longer ones after that threshold. Methods. Monotonicity in duration is tested through 2 ordinal tasks: choices and rankings. A convenience sample (n = 90) was recruited in a series of experimental sessions in which participants had to rank-order health episodes and to choose between them, presented in pairs. Health episodes result from the combination of 7 EQ-5D-3L health states and 5 durations. Monotonicity is tested comparing the percentage rate of participants whose preferences were monotonic with the percentage of participants with nonmonotonic preferences for each health state. In addition, to test the existence of preference reversals, we analyze the fraction of people who switch their preference from rankings to choices. Results. Monotonicity is frequently violated across the 7 EQ-5D health states. Preference patterns for individuals describe violations ranging from almost 49% with choices to about 71% with rankings. Analysis performed by separate states shows that the mean rates of violations with choices and ranking are about 22% and 34%, respectively. We also find new evidence of preference reversals and some evidence—though scarce—of transitivity violations in choices Conclusions. Our results show that there is a medium range of health states for which preferences are nonmonotonic. These findings support previous evidence on MET preferences and introduce a new ‘‘choice-ranking’’ preference reversal. It seems that the use of 2 tasks with a similar response scale may make preference reversals less substantial, although it remains important and systematic.
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    ‘Why racism didn’t cause these riots’: A critical discourse analysis of Oldham’s 2001 episode of ethnic violence
    (Universidad de Valencia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2005) Criado, Raquel; Filología Inglesa
    This paper examines an article published in the Daily Mail in May 2001 and signed by an Asian British politician. It dealt with the race riots which happened in Oldham (England). The author’s alleged main argument was that these riots were not triggered by racism but by Oldham’s deplorable life conditions. A sympathetic attitude towards the people of his own race can equally be appreciated, while he criticizes whites’ behaviour. Our first objective is to obtain a generic awareness of the ideologically-laden representation of the Asians and whites involved in these events. Secondly, we aim to unveil the textual procedures by which this portrayal becomes subtly intermingled within the development of the author’s main thesis. Accordingly, our methodological instrument consisted in a battery of eight lexico-grammatical categories which were selected to examine these two groups of characters. Results indicate a carefully elaborated formulation of the theses mentioned above.