Browsing by Subject "Staging"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Updates on WHO classification, clinicopathological features and staging
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Abe, Ichiro; King-yin Lam, Alfred
    Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is an uncommon carcinoma representing 1 to 4% of all thyroid cancers. The carcinoma is most common in females of the eight decades. It is a locally advanced cancer with frequent infiltration of surrounding organs, blood vessels and skin of neck. Paraneoplastic manifestations could occur. Approximately half of the patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma had distant metastasis with lung and brain as the most frequent sites of metastasis. The median survival of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma reported was from 1 to 6 months. The terminology of the cancer in World Health Organization is "anaplastic thyroid carcinoma" rather than "undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma". In the latest American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, there are updates on T and N categories. To conclude, updated knowledge of clinicopathological features, classification, pathological staging will improve our understanding of the cancer and will help in the management of the patients with this aggressive cancer.
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    Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: Clinicopathological features and pathological staging
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Lam, Alfred King-yin; Ishida, Hirotaka
    . The nomenclature and classification of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms has evolved in the last 15 years based on the advances in knowledge of the genomics, clinical behaviour and response to therapies. The current 2019 World Health Organization classification of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms categorises them into three groups; pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) (grade 1 grade 2, grade 3), pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas and mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) based on the mitotic rate, Ki-67 index, morphological differentiation and/or co-existing tissue subtype. PanNETs are also classified into non-functional NET, insulinoma, gastrinoma, VIPoma, glucagonoma, somatostatinoma, ACTH-producing NET and serotonin producing NET based on hormone production and clinical manifestations. A portion of the cases were associated with genetic syndromes such as multiple neuroendocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN 1), neurofibromatosis and Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. In view of the distinctive pathology and clinical behaviour of PanNENs, the current 8th AJCC/UICC staging system has separated prognostic staging grouping for PanNETs from the pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas or MiNENs. Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas and MiNENs are staged according to the prognostic stage grouping for exocrine pancreatic carcinoma. The new stage grouping of PanNETs was validated to have survival curves separated between different prognostic groups. This refined histological and staging would lead to appropriate selections of treatment strategies for the patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
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    La puesta en escena en el teatro contemporáneo
    (2019-01-24) Alonso de Santos, José Luis
    Este ensayo subraya la relevancia del director y del actor en la configuración de la puesta en escena del siglo XX. Puesta en escena sobre la que se asienta la del siglo XXI. El testimonio de críticos, y, sobre todo, de directores avalan esta afirmación. El director es quien a lo largo de las sucesivas etapas del montaje escénico armoniza el conjunto de elementos que intervienen en la es- cena; y el actor es quien plasma el texto y la idea del director