Browsing by Subject "Social determinants"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Gender inequality is associated with gender differences and women participation in physical activity
    (Oxford University Press, 2021-10-01) Moreno-Llamas, Antonio; García Mayor, Jesús; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Actividad Física y Deporte
    Background: Living standards determine population’s physical activity (PA); however, more women are systemically insufficiently active, suggesting social gender inequality factors. Thus, we assessed the association between gender inequality, PA differences between genders, and total PA. Methods: We used three independent cross-sectional databases at country-level: PA prevalence (i.e., Active Lifestyle) from the World Health Organization with 1.9 million individuals from 168 countries; daily steps (smartphone registers) of 693 806 people from 46 countries and sport participation in the 2016 Summer Olympics with 11 191 athletes. Gender Inequality Index was used to evaluate aspects surrounding gender equality controlling for overall economic and health status. Results: Higher gender inequality was associated with gender differences in PA (Active Lifestyle, 0.402, P < 0.001; Steps, 0.542, P < 0.001; Olympic participation, 0.346, P = 0.001). Likewise, lower gender inequality was associated with increased women activity (Active Lifestyle, −0.838, P < 0.001; Steps, −0.81, P < 0.001; Olympic participation, −0.577, P < 0.001), and men activity (Active Lifestyle, −0.453, P < 0.001; Steps, −0.461, P = 0.002). Conclusions: Lower women PA levels could be influenced by gender inequality. Public health policies aimed to improve women living conditions which may promote their participation in PA and sport.
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    High educational attainment redresses the effect of occupational social class on health-related lifestyle: findings from four Spanish national health surveys
    (Elsevier, 2021-02-25) Moreno-Llamas, Antonio; García Mayor, Jesús; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Actividad Física y Deporte
    Purpose: Social determinants as occupational social class or educational attainment might influence health outcomes. This phenomenon is known as the social gradient of health and is related to a skewed distribution of health behaviours that might explain differences in morbidity and mortality between social groups. But social class and educational attainment differ in their nature and might have distinct effects on health. Here we study the combined effect of educational attainment and occupational social class on health-related lifestyle. Methods: We retrieved data from four large-scale, national representative Spanish surveys (n = 67,171). A latent class regression analysis was run to identify clusters of health-related lifestyle behaviours. Clusters were made according to sociodemographic factors, including a combined analysis of education and occupational social class. Results: Higher educational attainment and occupational social class were associated with a healthier lifestyle for both sexes. The combined analysis of education and social class indicated that women with secondary education showed a high risk combination of unhealthy behaviours, as men with middle, primary or no education. Conclusions: Regardless of social class, a higher educational attainment redresses the effect of occupational social class on health-related behaviours. Our results suggest that education likely plays a crucial role in population health outcomes through its effects on lifestyle.
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    Physical activity barriers according to social stratification in Europe
    (Springer, 2020-09-28) Moreno Llamas, Antonio; García Mayor, Jesús; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Actividad Física y Deporte
    ObjectivesTo analyse relationships of social stratification on physical activity (PA) prevalence and barriers in theEuropean population.MethodsData were retrieved from Eurobarometer 88.4, a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2017 with 28,031 over15-year-old inhabitants of the European Union. PA prevalence was calculated along with the probability to be physicallyinactive by social stratification. Logistic regressions were run in the inactive population to show the social class effect oneach barrier adjusted by sociodemographic factors employing a propensity score matched method.ResultsLow social class presented higher inactivity prevalence (43.11%), whilst the high social class reported the lowestprevalence (23.30%). Also, the low (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.47–0.58) and middle (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.64–0.79) social classeswere less likely to be active compared to high social class. In the inactive population, the low social class had mostly higherodds to report each barrier.ConclusionsSocial class is a relevant factor for low PA, with more barriers in the lower social classes. Public healthinstitutions should implement strategies on more influential PA barriers and disadvantaged social groups.
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    Protocol: Survey responses to estimate the association between Covid-19 sources of information, beliefs, and vaccination rates
    (2022-09) Moreno-Llamas, Antonio; Devine, Beth; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Mendiola Olivares, Jaime; García Mayor, Jesús; Torres Cantero, Alberto Manuel; Actividad Física y Deporte