Browsing by Subject "Sleep apnea"

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    Differential expressions and roles of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a, -2a and -3a in the rat carotid body during chronic and intermittent hypoxia
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2008) Lam, Siu-Yin; Tipoe, George L.; Liong, Emily C.; Fung, Man-Lung
    The HIF-1a expression in the carotid body (CB) is central to the transcriptional regulation of the CB structural and functional changes in chronic hypoxia (CH). The CB plays pathogenic roles in cardiovascular morbidity in patients with sleep-disordered breathing; yet, the expression and role of HIF-a subtypes in intermittent hypoxia (IH), resembling recurrent episodic apnea, are unclear. We hypothesized a divergent role of HIF-a subtypes, regulated by differential expression in the CB response to IH. A time-course analysis of the CB volume, and expression profiles of the HIF-1a, -2a, -3a and HIF-regulated gene products, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), showed a significant difference in the lack of increase in the rat CB volume, HIF-1a and VEGF expression during IH, despite an increase in the mRNA level of HIF-1a and the prominent increase of volume and expression in the CH group. In contrast, there were increased CB expressions of HIF-2a and -3a, and also ET-1 and TH in both IH and CH groups. Results demonstrated a significant role played by HIF-2a and -3a in the CB response to IH, which could be complementary to the expression and role of HIF-1a under hypoxic conditions. This differential regulation of the HIF-a subtypes and pathways could account for the morphological and neurochemical discrepancy in the CB responses to IH and CH.
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    Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in children referring for first dental examination. A multicenter cross-sectional study using pediatric sleep questionnaire
    (MDPI, 2020-11-16) Di Carlo, Gabriele; Zara, Francesca; Rocchetti, Milena; Venturini, Angelica; Ortiz Ruiz, Antonio José; Luzzi, Valeria; Cattaneo, Paolo María; Polimeni, Antonella; Vozza, Iole; Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina Física
    Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRDB) are a group of pathological conditions characterized by a dysfunction of the upper airways. The value of SRDB’s prevalence, in the pediatric population, ranges from 2 to 11% depending on the different methodologies used in measure and the difficulties in the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SRDB using the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). Methods: 668 patients were enrolled from the Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy and from the Unit of Integrated Pediatric Dentistry, University of Murcia, Spain. The questionnaires were administered to patients with no previous orthodontic and surgical treatment who attended on the first visit at the two units of pediatric dentistry. Data regarding general health status were extracted from the standard anamnestic module for first visit. Prevalence and logistic regression models were computed. Results: The ages ranged from 2 to 16 years old (average 7 years old). The prevalence of SRDB was 9.7% for the entire sample. The models showed a positive correlation between three variables (snoring, bad habits, and anxiety) and SRDB. Conclusions: The prevalence obtained demonstrates the relevance of sleep disorders in the pediatric population and highlights the central role of pediatric dentists in the earlier diagnosis of these disorders.