Browsing by Subject "Renal damage"

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    Gender differences in the renal changes induced by a prolonged high-fat diet in rats altered renal developmet
    (2021-08) Moreno, Juan Manuel; Martínez, Carlos M.; De Jódar, Carlos; Reverte, Virginia; Bernabé, Antonio; Salazar, Francisco Javier; Llinás Más, María Teresa; Fisiología
    he mechanisms involved in renal dysfunction induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in subjects with altered renal development (ARDev) are understudied. The objective of this study is to examine whether there are sex-dependent differences in the mechanisms involved in the hypertension and deterioration of renal function in SD rats with prolonged HFD and ARDev. The role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in the arterial pressure (AP) increments, the renal hemodynamic sensitivity to Ang II, glomerular damage and changes in fat abdominal volume, plasma adipokine levels, renal NADPHp67phox expression, and renal infiltration of immune cells were examined. Hypertension and deterioration of renal function were enhanced (P < 0.05) in both sexes of rats with HFD and ARDev. The decrease (P < 0.05) of AP elicited by candesartan in hypertensive rats was similar to that induced by the simultaneous administration of candesartan and apocynin. The greater (P < 0.05) renal vasoconstriction induced by Ang II in both sexes of rats with HFD and ARDev was accompanied by an enhanced (P < 0.05) infiltration of CD-3 cells and macrophages in the renal cortex and renal medulla. The increments (P < 0.05) in the renal expression of NADPHp67phox and glomeruloesclerosis were greater (P < 0.05) in males than in females with HFD and ARDev. Our results suggest that the hypertension and deterioration of renal function induced by HFD in rats with ARDev are Ang II-dependent and mediated by increments in oxidative stress and immune system activation. Sex-dependent increments in oxidative stress and glomerular damage may contribute to the deterioration of renal function in these rats.
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    Sex-dependent hypertension and renal changes in aged rats with altered renal development
    (2014-08-15) Saez, Fara; Reverte, Virginia; Paliege, Alexander; Moreno, Juan Manuel; Llinás Más, María Teresa; Bachmann, Sebastían; Salazar, Francisco Javier; Fisiología
    Numerous studies have evaluated blood pressure (BP) and renal changes in several models of developmental programming of hypertension. The present study examined to what extent BP, renal hemodynamic, and renal structure are affected at an old age in male and female animals with altered renal development. It also evaluated whether renal damage is associated with changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) expression and immunoreactivity. Experiments were carried out in rats at 10–11 and 16–17 mo of age treated with vehicle or an ANG II type 1 receptor antagonist during the nephrogenic period (ARAnp). A progressive increment in BP and a deterioration of renal hemodynamics were found in both sexes of ARAnp-treated rats, with these changes being greater (P < 0.05) in male rats. The decrease in glomerular filtration rate at the oldest age was greater (P < 0.05) in male (74%) than female (32%) ARAnp-treated rats. Sex-dependent deterioration of renal structure was demonstrated in optical and electron microscopic experiments. COX-2 and NOS1 immunoreactivity were enhanced in the macula densa of male but not female ARAnp-treated rats. The present study reports novel findings suggesting that stimuli that induce a decrease of ANG II effects during renal development lead to a progressive increment in BP and renal damage at an old age in both sexes, but these BP and renal changes are greater in males than in females. The renal damage is associated with an increase of COX-2 and NOS1 in the macula densa of males but not females with altered renal development.