Browsing by Subject "Principal component analysis"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Análisis espacial de la ordenación territorial en áreas rurales de baja densidad demográfica: El caso de Extremadura
    (2018-03-02) Nieto Masot, Ana; Engelmo Moriche, Ángela; Cárdenas Alonso, Gema
    La ordenación del territorio en partenariados rurales-urbanos es una de las cuestiones más en boga actualmente. El objetivo que con ellos se persigue es la organización óptima de los recursos y equipamientos en espacios rurales en crisis y con graves problemas demográficos y socioeconómicos. La región que se analiza en este trabajo, Extremadura, es un espacio predominantemente rural en el que existen desigualdades en sus realidades sociales, económicas y demográficas, agravadas en algunos espacios y que no son resueltas a través de las diferentes comarcalizaciones establecidas en su territorio. Así, en este estudio, se revisan las diferentes divisiones comarcales de la región extremeña con el fin de detectar su grado de solapamiento y de localizar, aplicando una metodología basada en el Análisis de Componentes Principales, los núcleos que están ejerciendo en la actualidad como cabecera comarcal y que podrían actuar como centros de una futura y única organización territorial. Para comprobar el nuevo diseño, se aplican modelos de accesibilidad y gravedad a través de Sistemas de Información Geográfica y softwares estadísticos.
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    Developing a country’s sustainability indicator: an analysis of the effect on trade openness
    (Elsevier, 2023-07-13) Vargas Santander, Karen Gloria; Álvarez Díez, Susana; Baixauli Soler, Juan Samuel; Belda Ruiz, María; Organización de Empresas y Finanzas
    Several proposals have been put forward for measuring sustainability performance at the country-level, in addition to the considerable debate surrounding which pillars (or dimensions) should form part of this sustainability and which variables should make up these pillars. To date, no clear consensus has been reached regarding which sustainability measures are the most appropriate when seeking to reflect not only a country’s economic development but also its environmental, social, and governance aspects. To provide an alternative to the existing indicators developed by private agencies, this study proposes an index to measure sustainability at the country-level, considering the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) pillars. In addition, this indicator will serve as a counterpoint to the majority of current sustainability indicators, some of which involve a strong component in per capita income, or which are over-represented in economic terms. In a second stage –and in order to apply the indicator– this study analyses how sustainability at the country-level, and its ESG pillars, influence trade openness through a study of panel data from 47 countries. The results indicate that applying a disaggregated index in its dimensions (pillars) shows both the positive and negative effects that sustainability can have on the variable studied. A non-disaggregated index only reflects the joint effect, which might be insignificant in certain cases. This study contributes to the existing literature as well as to current understanding of how to measure national sustainability and its implications for macroeconomic variables, and it also provides a clear method for future research.
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    Flood impact on the Spanish Mediterranean coast since 1960 based on the prevailing synoptic patterns
    (Elsevier, 2021-10-05) Gil-Guirado, Salvador; Pérez-Morales, Alfredo; Pino, David; Peña, Juan Carlos; LópezMartí, Francisco; Geografía
    In a changing climate and in social context, tools and databases with high spatiotemporal resolution are needed for increasing the knowledge on the relationship betweenmeteorological events and flood impacts; hence, analysis of high-resolution spatiotemporal databases with detailed information on the frequency, intensity, and impact of floods is necessary. However, themethodological nature of flood databases hinders relating specific flood events to the weather events that cause them; hence, methodologies for classifying flood cases according to the synoptic patterns that generate them are also necessary. Knowing which synoptic patterns are likely to generate risk situations allows for a probabilistic approach with high spatial resolution regarding the timing of occurrence, affected area, and expected damage from floods. To achieve these objectives, we use the SMC-Flood Database, a high-resolution spatiotemporal flood database covering the 1960-2015 period for all municipalities along the Spanish Mediterranean coast. To relate floods with the synoptic conditions that generated them, we used a multivariate analysis method on the corrected daily anomalies of the surface pressure fields, 850 hPa temperature, and 500 hPa geopotential height, all of which were obtained from the 20th Century Reanalysis Project V2. Results showthat 12 atmospheric synoptic patterns can statistically explain the 3608 flood cases that occurred in the study area between 1960 and 2015. These flood cases were classified into 847 atmospherically induced flood events. These results reduce the uncertainty during decisionmaking because of the classification of potential risk situations. The Mediterranean Basin is a region where floods have serious socioeconomic impacts; hence, this work helps improving prevention measures and providing information for policymakers, mainly regarding land use planning and early warning systems.
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    Flood impact on the Spanish Mediterranean coast since 1960 based on the prevailing synoptic patterns
    (Elsevier, 2021-10-05) Gil Guirado, Salvador; Pérez Morales, Alfredo; Pino, David; Peña, Juan Carlos; López Martínez, Francisco; Geografía
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    The connection between stress and immune status in pigs: a first salivary analytical panel for disease differentiation
    (Frontiers Media, 2022) Sánchez, J.; Matas, M.; Ibáñez-López, F. J.; Hernández, I.; Sotillo, J.; Gutiérrez, A. M.; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
    This paper analyzes the association between stress and immune response activations in different diseases, based on the salivary analytics. Moreover, a first attempt to discriminate between diseases was performed by principal component analysis. The salivary analytics consisted of the measurement of psychosocial stress (cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase) indicators, innate (acute phase proteins: C-reactive protein and haptoglobin), and adaptive immune (adenosine deaminase, Cu and Zn) markers and oxidative stress parameters (antioxidant capacity and oxidative status). A total of 107 commercial growing pigs in the field were divided into six groups according to the signs of disease after proper veterinary clinical examination, especially, healthy pigs, pigs with rectal prolapse, tail-biting lesions, diarrhea, lameness, or dyspnea. Associations between stress and immune markers were observed with different intensities. High associations (r= 0.61) were observed between oxidative stress markers and adaptive immune markers. On the other hand, moderate associations (r = 0.31–0.48) between psychosocial stress markers with both innate and adaptive immune markers were observed. All pathological conditions showed statistically significant differences in at least 4 out of the 11 salivary markers studied, with no individual marker dysregulated in all the diseases. Moreover, each disease condition showed differences in the degree of activation of the analyzed systems which could be used to create different salivary profiles. A total of two dimensions were selected through the principal component analysis to explain the 48.3% of the variance of our data. Lameness and rectal prolapse were the two pathological conditions most distant from the healthy condition followed by dyspnea. Tail-biting lesions and diarrhea were also far from the other diseases but near to healthy animals. There is still room for improvements, but these preliminary results displayed a great potential for disease detection and characterization using salivary biomarkers profiling in the near future.