Browsing by Subject "One health"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Controlling Coxiella burnetii in naturally infected sheep, goats and cows, and public health implications: a scoping review
    (Agricultural Research Service (USDA), 2024-02-15) Toledo Perona, Raquel; Contreras de Vera, Antonio; Gomis, Jesús; Quereda, Juan José; García Galán, Ana; Sánchez, Antonio; Gómez Martín, Ángel; Sanidad Animal
    Q fever is a worldwide zoonotic disease which domestic ruminants are the main source of infection for humans. This scoping review summarizes the control measures currently available to reduce Coxiella burnetii (Cb) infection in naturally infected sheep, goat and cattle herds. A total of 28 articles were included in the review. A lack of methodological standardization was noted in the articles analyzed. The results indicated that long-term vaccination in cows reduces bacterial excretion in milk and environmental contamination. In small ruminants, the results of vaccination in terms of efficacy are variable. In goats, there is a reduction in bacterial excretion, unlike in sheep, where a long-term vaccination program is necessary to reduce bacterial excretion. Moreover, the high persistence of viable Cb in the environment means that control measures for sheep are needed for several years. The use of antibiotics as a control measure in cows and sheep was not found to reduce excretion. However, the combination of vaccination with antibiotic therapy appears to have positive effects in small ruminants in terms of controlling outbreaks of Q fever. Hygiene and biosecurity measures are the basic means for controlling Cb infection on ruminant farms and ensuring public health.
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    Integrating geographic information systems into veterinary education within the one health framework: an interdisciplinary approach
    (Frontiers Media, 2025-07) Contreras de Vera, Antonio; Cuevas, Víctor; Rivera-Gomis, Jorge; Sánchez, Antonio; Acevedo, Pelayo; Vicente, Joaquin; Sanidad Animal; Sanidad Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria
    Introduction: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become essential tools in animal and public health, particularly within the One Health framework. Despite their relevance in health and environmental science programs, GIS training is not yet fully integrated into veterinary curricula. This gap limits the ability of veterinary students to effectively utilize spatial data in their future professional practice. Methods: To address this educational shortfall, we implemented a teaching innovation project at the University of Murcia, aimed at incorporating GIS training into veterinary education. Using open-access tools, we designed a series of tutorials, manuals, and exercises with graduated levels of complexity. These resources were based on real and simulated epidemiological datasets and focused on topics relevant to animal and public health. The tools employed included online GIS platforms such as the European Rabies Bulletin (ERB), free desktop applications like Epi Map from Epi Info 7 and QGIS, as well as ArcGIS Online, including its story map functionalities. Results: The educational pathway developed introduces GIS through a stepwise progression: (1) use of the ERB to explore official rabies data in Europe since 1977; (2) application of fictional disease data in rabbits using Epi Map and QGIS for beginners; and (3) analysis of official bovine tuberculosis sanitation campaigns in Ciudad Real (2007–2011) for more advanced users. The exercises support data visualization, geospatial analysis, and the generation of online outputs. They were designed to be accessible to users with no prior GIS experience and can be implemented remotely and asynchronously. Discussion: This approach offers a scalable and accessible model for integrating GIS into veterinary education. The ability to visualize epidemiological patterns and combine health and production data with environmental risk layers fosters student engagement and spatial reasoning. Moreover, the capacity to publish results online enhances dissemination and interdisciplinary collaboration. Future work will focus on evaluating student learning outcomes and refining the pedagogical design based on user feedback.
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    Molecular identification of Borrelia and SFG Rickettsia spp. in hard ticks parasitizing domestic and wild animals in southeastern Spain
    (Springer Nature, 2024-01-17) Ortega Hernández, Nieves; Arcenillas Hernández, Irene; Villa. M.I.; González, M.D.; Caro Vergara, María Rosa; Sanidad Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria
    Lyme disease and the spotted fever group rickettsiosis, involve bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia and Rickettsia, respectively. These infections are the most important tick-borne zoonotic diseases involving ticks as vectors. Descriptive and epidemiological studies are essential to determine the animal hosts involved in the maintenance of these diseases. In the present study, 94 tick pool samples from 15 different host species located in the Region of Murcia (southeastern, Spain) were analysed. Ticks were morphologically identified as: Dermacentor marginatus, Hyalomma lusitanicum, Ixodes Ricinus, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Our results showed that 5.3% of the tick pool samples carried Borrelia spp. DNA, and 20.2% carried SFG Rickettsia DNA. In every hard tick pool Spot Fever Group (SFG) Rickettsia spp. DNA were detected, except for H. lusitanicum. Likewise, D. marginatum was the only species in which Borrelia spp. DNA was not detected. Barbary sheep and wild boar were the host species in which tick pools showed DNA presence of both pathogens. This study increases the knowledge about the presence of Borrelia spp. DNA and SFG Rickettsia spp. DNA in different hard tick species from this geographical area.
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    What do we know about parasites of wildlife in high biodiversity areas with anthropogenic disturbance? The special case of Mexico
    (Cambridge University Press, 2019-01-26) Muñoz García, Claudia Irais; Berriatua Fernández de Larrea, Eduardo; Martínez-Carrasco Pleite, Carlos; Sanidad Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria
    The continual rise of anthropogenic disturbance of ecosystems has been associated with an increasing incidence of emerging diseases. The largest amount of data on emerging diseases relates to bacterial and viral pathogens, but there is a lack of parasite data, especially from wildlife. Monitoring wildlife parasitic diseases should be considered a priority, especially in high biodiversity regions with strong anthropogenic impacts, like Mexico, where the wildlife/livestock/human interface is associated with increased risk of disease transmission. Mexico belongs to the top-ten megadiverse countries and is located between two biogeographic regions. This situation makes Mexico a favourable region for the spillover of animal pathogens to human beings, causing pandemics, such as the one recently caused by influenza virus A (H1N1). The current state of knowledge of Mexican wildlife parasites is scarce and focuses mainly in Neotropical fauna. Moreover, this knowledge is heterogeneous for different parasite groups, especially concerning their pathologic effects and epidemiology. The goals of this review are to compile information on Mexican wildlife parasites and to identify knowledge gaps in order to stimulate research on pending epidemiological, public health, ecological and pathological areas, and to encourage the creation of more specialized groups from the perspective of the One-Health concept.
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    Where we are in the fight against Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections. The opinion of the stakeholders of the European Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (EU-JAMRAI)
    (Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Roma, Italia), 2022-06-23) Fabbro, Elisa; Arnau Sánchez, José; López Acuña, María Del Pilar; Hukelová, Hana; Alcaraz Quiñonero, Manuel; Pantosti, Annalisa; Busani, Luca; Enfermería; Sin departamento asociado; Luca Busani; Facultad de Enfermería
    During the second European Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Healthcare-Associated Infections (HCI) (EU-JAMRAI) annual meeting, the Evaluation Team elicited stakeholders' opinions regarding the implementation of the National Strategies and Action Plans to fight AMR and HCI, the One Health integration and the EU-JAMRAI support to the national and EU authorities in two Focus Groups. This qualitative exercise contributed to identify criticalities and possible improvements in aspects such as political priorities, legislation/legal requirements, human and financial resources, and supervision in many health sectors to ensure effective implementation of the action plans. Stakeholders pointed out at the different speed of EU member states, in particular concerning the One Health integration in the plans. Finally, the Stakeholders strongly asked the EU-JAMRAI to reinforce the integration and dissemination of the best practices and results, to help policymakers at national and European levels in defining and implementing harmonized policies and actions against AMR and HCI.