Browsing by Subject "Mortality"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    La evolución de la mortalidad y causas de muerte en la diputación de El Beal (Murcia), 1880-1970.
    (Murcia : Editora Regional de Murcia, 2004) Navarro Ortíz, Domingo; Pérez de Perceval Verde, Miguel Ángel; Martínez Soto, Ángel Pascual; Editora Regional de Murcia
    Se analizan las modificaciones en la mortalidad en un núcleo minero ligado a la minería del plomo, que en este periodo se realiza por pequeñas sociedades mineras en una de las cuencas que han dado más producción en España, la Sierra de Cartagena-La Unión en Murcia. Estudiamos el proceso de transición demográfica, que se ve mediatizado por las especiales condiciones de la zona: alta mortalidad, especialmente infantil, donde influyen las especiales condiciones de trabajo (con una alto porcentaje de mano de obra infantil) y unas pésimas infraestructuras de vivienda y urbanas. Ello va a determinar una sobremortalidad, por encima de la media nacional y regional, además de una persistente morbilidad por causas infecciosas. Se analiza la progresiva modificación, que se ve interferida por la crisis de las explotaciones mineras de la comarca, pero que va permitiendo una modernización de las tasas vitales. En este aspecto señalamos las dificultades con las que nos hemos encontrado para la reconstrucción de unas tasas que permitan una comparación fiable con otros lugares en una comarca con unos elevados flujos migratorios.
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    Is Azithromycin the first-choice macrolide for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia?
    (Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2003-05-06) Sánchez, F.; Mensa, J.; Martínez, J.A.; García-Vázquez, Elisa; Marco, F.; González, J.; Marcos, F.A.; Soriano, A.; Torres, A.; Medicina
    Combination treatment with ab-lactam plus a macrolide may improve the outcome for elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The prognoses and mortality rates for elderly patients with CAP who receive ceftriaxone combined with a 3-day course of azithromycin or a 10-day course of clarithromycin were compared in an open-label, prospective study. Of 896 assessable patients, 220 received clarithromycin and 383 received azithromycin. There were no significant differences between groups with regard to the severity score defined by the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) study group; the incidence of bacteremia was also not significantly different. However, for patients treated with azithromycin, the length of hospital stay was shorter (mean+_ SD, 7.4+_5 vs 9.4+_7 days; P<.01) and the mortality rate was lower (3.6% vs. 7.2%; P<.05); compared with those treated with clarithromycin. There might be a difference in the outcome for patients with CAP depending on the macrolide used. A shorter treatment course with azithromycin may result in better compliance with therapy
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    Partial contributions and temporal trends of leading causes of death during the last four decades in Spain
    (Elsevier, 2020-12) Cirera, L; Márquez-Calderón, S; Saez, M; Salmerón, D; Ballesta Ruiz, Mónica; Chirlaque López, María Dolores; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
    Objectives: The study was conducted to assess time trend shifts of leading causes of death and their partial contributions over the years 1975-2016 in Spain. Study design: A longitudinal ecological epidemiologic design was conducted to analyse linear trend period shifts using joinpoint regression as the annual percentage of change (APC) in the period 1975-2016. The partial contributions were illustrated as the rate ratio of a singular-cause to their major-cause shift periods. Results: HIV/AIDS shaped the increasing trend period of infectious diseases in 1989-1995 (APC = 25.3, P < 0.05) and the decreasing trend in 1995-1999 and 1999-2016. Lung cancer fell gradually from 1994 in men (-0.4, P < 0.05); however, in women, the condition continued increasing from 1990 (P < 0.05). Dementia types influenced mental and neurological disease drifts. The recent trend for circulatory periods (1980-2016) was mainly modulated by cardiac ischaemia, with increased partial contributions (25%, 32% and 30%). Traffic accidents defined the descending tendency of external causes. Conclusions: Spain showed a Western pattern in descended rates, including non-decreasing trends in mental and neurological diseases, pancreatic cancer, drug abuse and suicide. Trend shifts and partial contributions illustrated targets for further mortality reduction.
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    The Effect of Public Healthcare Expenditure on the Reduction in Mortality Rates Caused by Unhealthy Habits among the Population
    (2022-11-10) León Gómez, Ana; Valls Martínez, María del Carmen; Santos Jaén, José Manuel; Gimeno Arias, Fernando; Economía Financiera y Contabilidad
    The health systems of developed countries aim to reduce the mortality rates of their populations. To this end, they must fight against the unhealthy habits of citizens, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and sedentarism, since these result in a large number of deaths each year. Our research aims to analyze whether an increase in health resources influences the number of deaths caused by the unhealthy habits of the population. To achieve this objective, a sample containing key indicators of the Spanish health system was analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results show how increasing public health spending and, thus, the resources allocated to healthcare can curb the adverse effects of the population’s unhealthy habits. These results have important implications for theory and practice, demonstrating the need for adequate investment in the healthcare system to reduce mortality among the population.