Browsing by Subject "Microvesicles"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Extracellular vesicle-mediated modulation of angiogenesis
    (Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Gai, Chiara; Carpanetto, Andrea; Deregibus, Maria Chiara; Camussi, Giovanni
    Angiogenesis is a tightly regulated process where a number of different players are involved. Recently, a role for membrane vesicles actively released from cells has been proposed. Virtually all cell types may release non-apoptotic membrane vesicles in the nano-size range containing critical components of the cell of origin. The two main categories of these vesicles include exosomes and microvesicles that differ for biogenesis but, sharing several features and mechanisms of action, have been collectively named extracellular vesicles (EV). EV are able to transfer from one cell to another bioactive lipids, proteins and nucleic acids that may induce changes in the phenotype and functions of the recipient cells. This new mechanism of cell to cell communication has been involved in modulation of the angiogenic process. Tumor cells, inflammatory cells and stem/progenitor cells were shown to release EV with angiogenic properties, suggesting that they may act on vascular remodeling in different physiological and pathological conditions. In this review we discuss the evidence for the role and the mechanisms of action of EV in vascular homeostasis and in the angiogenic processes occurring in tumors, inflammation and tissue regeneration.
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    Horse adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells constitutively produce membrane vesicles: a morphological study
    (F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia: Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2015) Pascucci, L.; Dall’Aglio, C.; Bazzucchi, C.; Mercati, F.; Mancini, M.G.; Pessina, A.; Alessandri, G.; Giammarioli, M.; Dante, S.; Brunati, G.; Ceccarelli, P.
    Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent somatic cells that can differentiate into a variety of mature cell types. Over recent years, their biological in vitro and in vivo properties have elicited great expectations in the field of regenerative medicine, immunotherapy and tumour treatment. An increasing number of experimental observations suggest that their biological effects are probably related to a paracrine mechanism via the release of trophic factors and cytokines as well as through the production of membrane vesicles (MVs). These are nanometric membrane-bound structures, comprising shedding vesicles (SV) and exosomes (Ex), that enclose and transfer signalling molecules to target cells. We hypothesized that MVs may be implicated in the biological effects of MSCs from horse adipose tissue (EAdMSCs), a type of MSC that has been extensively studied in recent years for its remarkable efficacy in tissue regeneration. By means of electron microscopy, we ascertained, for the first time, that equine adipose-derived MSCs constitutively produce MVs (E-AdMSCs). The analysis of MVs separated by ultracentrifugation allowed us to describe their general morphological features. Through the examination of cell monolayers by TEM, additionally, we distinguished the different pathways of SV and Ex formation, demonstrating that both fractions are produced by E-AdMSC. The accurate description of MV heterogeneous morphological characteristics led us to emphasize the possible implications of the relationship between different morphologies versus different functions. The data presented in this paper has an additional value, as they can be noteworthy for horses as well as for other mammalian species, including humans.
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    Platelet function and microvesicle generation in patients with hemophilia A
    (Wiley, 2021-01-19) Melero Amor, Antonia; Romecín, Paola; Iyú Espinosa, David; García Bernal, David; García Navaro, Esther; Moraleda Jiménez, José María; García-Estañ López, Joaquín; García Candel, Faustino; Marín Atucha, Noemí; Fisiología
    Our results do not support any effect of FVIII on platelet function in patients with severe HA treated under the regime of prophylaxis
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    The dynamic stem cell microenvironment is orchestrated by microvesicle-mediated transfer of genetic information
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Deregibus, Maria Chiara; Tetta, Ciro; Camussi, Giovanni
    It has been commonly supposed that adultstem cells co-localize with supporting cells withinspecific regions or specialized microenvironment in eachtissue/organ, called stem cell niche. This concept wasbased on the assumption that stem cells are intrinsicallyhierarchical in nature. However, recent data indicate thatstem cells may represent a continuum with reversiblealterations in phenotype taking place during the transitthrough cell cycle. Based on this dynamic interpretationit has been suggested that the so-called niche isrepresented by a single or only few cell types continuallyadjusting their phenotype and function to individualcircumstances. A critical component in the regulation ofthe continuum of stem cell phenotypes is themicroenvironment. In this context, microvesicles (MVs)account for the transfer of genetic information betweencells. Originally considered inert cellular debris, MVsare increasingly recognized to be important mediators ofcell-to-cell communication. MVs may transfer receptors,proteins, mRNA and microRNA to target cells viaspecific receptor-mediated interaction. In stem cellbiology the exchange of genetic information may bebidirectional from stromal to stem cells. In the context oftissue injury the MV-mediated transfer of geneticinformation may reprogram the phenotype of stem cellsto acquire features of the injured tissue cells. In addition,MVs derived from stem cells may induce de-differentiation of cells which have survived injury with acell cycle re-entry that may allow tissue regeneration. Inthe present review we discuss the possibility of acontinuous genetic modulation of stem cells by a MV-mediated transfer of information between cells.
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    Updating research on extracellular vesicles of the male reproductive tract in farm animals: a systematic review
    (MDPI, 2024-10-31) Martínez Díaz, Pablo; Parra, Ana; Montesdeoca, Marina; Barranco Cascales, Isabel; Roca Aleu, Jorge; Medicina y Cirugía Animal
    This systematic review examined research studies on extracellular vesicles (EVs) of the male reproductive tract in livestock species to summarize the research topics and methodologies used, key findings, and future directions. PubMed and Scopus were searched for time ranges up to 1 September 2024, and 1383 articles were identified. The application of screening and eligibility criteria resulted in the selection of 79 articles focusing on male reproductive EVs in livestock. Porcine and bovine male reproductive EVs were the most studied. A variety of EV isolation techniques were used, with ultracentrifugation being the most common. Characterization of male reproductive EVs in livestock was a weak point, with only 24.05% of the articles characterizing EVs according to MISEV guidelines. Inadequate characterization of EVs compromises the reliability of results. The results of 19 articles that provided a good characterization of EVs showed that male reproductive EVs from livestock species are phenotypically and compositionally heterogeneous. These papers also showed that these EVs would be involved in the regulation of sperm functionality. Research on male reproductive EVs in livestock species remains scarce, and further research is needed, which should include appropriate characterization of EVs and aim to find efficient methods to isolate them and assess their involvement in the functionality of spermatozoa and the cells of the female genital tract.