Browsing by Subject "Menopause"
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- PublicationOpen AccessAssessment of morphological changes and steroid receptors in the uteri of postmenopausal women(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2019) Teresiński, Leszek; Sipak, Olimpia; Rył, Aleksandra; Masiuk, Marek; Rotter, Iwona; Ratajczak, Weronika; Łazowska, Malwina; Słomczyńska, Maria; Marchlewicz, Mariola; Karakiewicz, Beata; Kram, Andrzej; Laszczyńska, MariaIntroduction. The morphology of the endometrium constantly changes in the reproductive period, depending on the levels of ovarian steroid hormones, and undergoes atrophic changes during menopause as a result of their insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to analyze morphological and morphometric changes in the mucous and muscle layers of the uterine wall in postmenopausal women, and to assess localization and number of cells showing the expression of steroid hormone receptors, namely estrogen receptor α (ER-α), progesterone receptor (PR), and androgen receptor (AR) in glandular epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells in particular groups of women. Material and methods. The study material consisted of uterine specimens sectioned across the full thickness of the uterine wall, and embedded in 164 paraffin blocks. The specimens came from women without menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) operated due to reproductive organ prolapse or uterine myomas. The material was divided into four groups depending on the time interval from menopause to surgery: group I - from 1 to 5 years after menopause, group II - from 6 to 10 years after menopause, group III - more than 11 years after menopause, and group IV - women over 70 years of age. The sections were stained by standard HE, Masson’s trichrome, and immunohistochemical methods (ERα, PR, AR). Quantitative assessment of the results was based on computer image analysis. Results. Analysis of morphological changes in the endometrium and myometrium revealed the presence of increasing regressive changes, such as various types of atrophy, fibrosis, and calcification, augmented over time from the last menstruation. Furthermore, endometrial polyps, foci of endometriosis, and leiomyomas were observed. Based on the results of morphometric measurements, a constant decrease in the endometrial and myometrial thickness was noticed in the studied groups (I-IV). Significant differences between the groups were observed in the number of ER-α positive cells in the myometrium, but not in the endometrial glandular epithelium. Statistically significant differences in the number of AR positive cells were detected in the endometrial epithelium and in the uterine muscle. The analysis the number of PR positive cells demonstrated differences between the groups in the endometrial stroma and the myometrium. Conclusion. The uterus of postmenopausal woman undergo major morphological changes (mainly atrophic lesions in the endometrium and myometrium), leading to a decline in their morphometric parameters over time from the last menstruation. Localization and number of cells showing the expression of steroid receptors: ER-α, PR, and AR in the uterus of postmenopausal women, depending on the time interval from the last menstruation.
- PublicationOpen AccessBenefits of a community physical exercise program prescribed from primary care for perimenopausal/menopausal women(2021) Aviles - Martinez, M. A.; Lopez Roman, F. J.; Galiana Gómez de Cádiz, María José; Arnau Sánchez, José; Martinez Ros, M. T.; Fernandez Lopez, L.; Garcia Sanchez, E.; Menárguez Puche, Juan Francisco; EnfermeríaObjetivo: Medir los beneficios de un programa comunitario de ejercicio físico, a través de las modificaciones que se producen en calidad de vida, y condición física de mujeres perimenopáusicas-menopáusicas. Emplazamiento: Las participantes fueron reclutadas en consultas de Atención Primaria (AP) de dos centros de Salud de Molina de Segura (Murcia). Participantes: Mujeres de entre 40 y 70 anos ˜ o menores de 40 diagnosticadas de menopausia precoz. Diseno: ˜ Estudio cuasiexperimental, no aleatorizado, controlado, abierto y unicéntrico con dos ramas paralelas a estudio. Intervención: Grupo experimental: programa de ejercicio ACTIVA-Salud Ósea durante seis meses. Control: Inactivos. Mediciones principales: Calidad de vida mediante cuestionario SF36. Condición física: Condición aeróbica, flexibilidad, equilibrio y fuerza, medida con los test de la milla, flamenco y el cajón, así como lanzamiento del balón medicinal, respectivamente. Nivel de actividad física a través del General practice physical activity questionnaire (GPPAQ). Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y se midió la adherencia al programa. Resultados: La calidad de vida mejoró en el grupo intervención vs. control, salvo la dimensión «dolor corporal» (p = 0,412). A nivel intragrupo, presentan mejoría significativa todas las dimensiones, a excepción de «función física» (p = 0,263) y «dolor corporal» (p = 0,136). Las capacidades físicas que más se beneficiaron fueron la condición aeróbica, fuerza y equilibrio. Conclusiones: El pilotaje del Programa de ejercicio físico Activa Salud Ósea demostró beneficios sobre la calidad de vida física y mental de las participantes. Además, se constata que la realización de un ejercicio específico para mujeres premenopáusicas-menopáusicas mejora su condición física
- PublicationOpen AccessEffects of low dose of tibolone on steroid receptors and Bcl-2 on the postmenopausal endometrium(Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2016) Reis, Benedito Fabiano; Lima, Sonia Maria Rolim R.; Silva, Gustavo Maximiliano D.; Francisco, Antonio Marcos C.; Barbosa, Lyliana Coutinho R.; Archangelo, Silvania C. Vieira; Grande, Rogerio M.Objective: A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of low dose of tibolone on the histology, expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) and Bcl2 protein, in endometrium of postmenopausal women. Method: Forty postmenopausal women consented to treatment and were allocated into two groups of 20 women: Group 1 (Control) without hormone replacement therapy (HRT); Group 2 (Tibolone) treatment at the dose of 1.25 mg/day of oral tibolone administered for a 24-week period. The effect on the endometrium was assessed by histology and the apoptosis marker Bcl-2. The immunoexpression of ER and PR were also measured. Results: Tibolone group showed higher expression of ER, PR and Bcl-2 protein in glandular epithelium and stroma compared to control group. Conclusion: Tibolone in a daily dose of 1.25 mg during 24 weeks demonstrated endometrial action that resulted in low proliferation and was shown to lead to atrophic endometrium. It had favorable effects on the postmenopausal endometrium due to its higher immunoexpression of PR and Bcl-2 protein in endometrial glandular epithelium, thereby creating a balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic actions.
- PublicationOpen AccessEstereotipo psico-socio-cultural de la menopausia en mujeres rurales.(Murcia : Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2006) Leno González, D.; Leno González, J.L.; Lozano Guerrero, Mª J.1. INTRODUCCIÓN: La menopausia es el término médico que designa la fecha de la última menstruación. Es una parte natural del proceso de envejecimiento debido a la menor producción de hormonas ováricas. Los cambios que conducen al cese de la función menstrual y al reajuste metabólico duran varios años que es el periodo que se denomina Climaterio. Ha sido objeto de mitos y creencias, y víctima de temores y malentendidos durante mucho tiempo. La sintomatología no es una experiencia similar universal, sino condicionada a factores socioculturales, los cuales también se presentan como determinantes a la hora de la percepción y respuesta a dicha sintomatología. 2. OBJETIVO: Intentar construir el estereotipo (percepción, actitud y conocimientos) sobre la menopausia y climaterio en mujeres de 40 a 60 años de poblaciones rurales. 3. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Con el método cualitativo de grupos focales se llevó a cabo el estudio en los meses de julio, agosto y septiembre durante tres años consecutivos (2003, 2004 y 2005). La población objeto de estudio pertenece a diferentes pueblos de la provincia de Cáceres, y eran mujeres entre 40 y 60 años, residentes todo el año en el pueblo y amas de casa. Con la intervención de un moderador por grupo se utilizó una lista de tópicos generales de la salud y específicos sobre la menopausia, que servía de guía de discusión. La información grabada y después transcrita fue analizada posteriormente. Enfermería Global Nº 9 Noviembre 2006 Página 2 4.RESULTADOS: Se realizaron ocho grupos focales, en los cuales, como datos de interés, destacan por ejemplo: desconocimiento por la mayoría del término menarquia, de ésta dicen haberla experimentado con sorpresa, y que rara vez fue objeto de conversación con la madre; en cuanto a la menopausia para ellas significa el cese de la fertilidad, no es percibida como enfermedad, sino como algo natural, las que ya se encuentran en esta fase, no muestran objeción a hablar sobre sus síntomas, y no la identifican como paso a la tercera edad, consideran la ventaja de liberación de la posibilidad de embarazo. Acuden al médico en caso de tener síntomas, no afecta para nada en su vida sexual, sus fuentes de información son sobre todo amistades, televisión y prensa, y sus mayores preocupaciones son neoplasias y osteoporosis. 5. CONCLUSIONES: Nos encontramos con mujeres que saben qué es la menopausia, que frecuentan los servicios de salud, para revisiones periódicas, y ante la aparición en incidencia e intensidad de síntomas. Se observa que aunque hay preocupación por la salud, y que son conscientes de la etapa de la vida en la que se encuentran, no acuden a consultar dudas y preocupaciones a su médico de familia, especialista y para nada al enfermero/a. Hay excesivo apoyo en familiares y amigas (con el riesgo de aumento de inquietud). Se concluye con necesidad de información, de desmitificación, de desterrar falsas creencias, necesidad que es preciso extender a familiares cercanos. En esta tarea el personal de enfermería se presenta como profesional capacitado, por su cercanía a la población y por su propia formación académica.
- PublicationOpen AccessEl logro de la madurez femenina: la experiencia del climaterio en un grupo de mujeres(Murcia : Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2011) Prior Pellicer, R.; Pina Roche, Florentina; Departamentos y Servicios::Departamentos de la UMU::EnfermeríaObjetivo: reconocer las vivencias del climaterio como proceso holístico de un pequeño grupo de mujeres entre 45 y 55 años de una localidad murciana. Metodología y método: se utiliza una metodología cualitativa-descriptiva. Se administró una escala de calidad de vida en la menopausia previamente validada (la Menopause Rating Scale), que sirvió de apoyo para realizar entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales. Población de estudio: el muestreo se realizó por el método de bola de nieve, en el que participaron 5 mujeres con edades comprendidas entre 45 y 55 años, con menopausia natural y residentes en la localidad de Santomera. Resultados: Tras el análisis textual se dividieron los resultados en 7 categorías interrelacionadas: (1) conceptos en torno al proceso, (2) información de la que disponen, (3) cambios somáticos y psicológicos, (4) sexualidad, (5) repercusiones sociales, (6) significados y sensaciones en torno al climaterio y (7) miedos y acciones para el auto cuidado. Conclusiones: Las mujeres encuentran en la menopausia aspectos tanto negativos como positivos y neutrales, cuya balanza configurará que su paso por esta etapa sea de crecimiento o de decadencia. La enfermera debe eliminar tabús y conceptos erróneos y ofrecer una educación para la salud que fomente el correcto auto cuidado, donde se minimice la tendencia predominante de medicalizar este periodo y se observe desde una perspectiva holística ya que todos los aspectos configurarán su vivencia.
- PublicationEmbargoMetabolomic profiling of urinary phenolic compounds in postmenopausal women after consumption of dark chocolate, green tea, and fruit juice(2025-09-18) Rocío González-Barrio; Rocío González-Barrio; Tecnología de los Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología; Rocío González-Barrio; Facultades de la UMU
- PublicationOpen AccessMicroplicae-like structures of the fallopian tube in postmenopausal women as shown by electron microscopy(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2006) Correr, S.; Makabe, S.; Heyn, R.; Relucenti, M.; Naguro, T.; Familiari, G.Female reproductive aging is associated with several morphological changes of the genital tract with a subsequent decline in fertility; however, ultrastructural changes occurring after menopause have still not been well illustrated. Our aim was to characterize the threedimensional microanatomy of the luminal surface of the human fallopian tube in perimenopause and postmenopause. Twenty bioptic samples of fallopian tubes were obtained after surgery under the informed consent of the patients. Samples were processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fieldemission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). As age increases the surface epithelium of the fallopian tube appeared somewhat flattened. Correlated TEM/FE-SEM observations showed gradual shortening of microvilli and deciliation. The most interesting finding was the gradual formation of microplicae-like structures on the surface epithelium, particularly from late perimenopause to postmenopause. Microplicae-like structures, associated with other regressive changes, represent an important adaptation of the epithelium of the fallopian tube; these are likely induced by the physiological process of aging, thus better withstanding hormonal changes associated with the advent of the menopause.
- PublicationOpen AccessThe effect of whole-body vibration training on selected breast cancer risk factors in obese postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial(Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Mohamed, Marwa Abd El- Rahman; Elazab, Doaa Rafat; Abouelnaga, Walid Ahmed; Kamel, Hossam Eldein Huessin; Abdeen, Heba AhmedMenopause is associated with various hormonal changes leading to many complications such as obesity, hot flashes and increased liability for breast cancer, that intractably alter female quality of life. This study was conducted to determine the effect of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on body mass index and serum prolactin concentration, as risk factors for breast cancer and severity of hot flashes in obese postmenopausal women. A prospective, randomized, parallel group, active controlled study with a 1:1 allocation ratio was carried out. A total of 40 obese postmenopausal women (aged 50 to 60 years, postmenopausal for at least 3 years, with a body mass index BMI between 30-39.9 kg/m2) were randomly assigned into two equal groups (group A and B). Group A (WBVT, n = 20) received WBVT, 3 sessions per week for 3 months, while group B (control group, n = 20) was asked to retrain their usual lifestyle pattern. They were all instructed about healthy dieting. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing SPSS for windows, version 18 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). The results of our study showed that there was a statistically significant reduction in all measured variables in group A in post-study (p < 0.05), while the control group (B) showed a non-statistically significant decrease in these variables in comparison to the pre-study (p > 0.05). Comparison of the two groups after treatment showed a statistically significant decrease in the measured variables, in favor of the study group A (p < 0.05). From the obtained results, it was concluded that whole body vibration is effective in decreasing BMI and waist circumference, in addition to reducing serum prolactin concentration and the severity of hot flashes in obese postmenopausal women. Therefore, it could be used to decrease the risk of breast cancer in obese postmenopausal women.
- PublicationOpen AccessYoung coconut juice significantly reduces histopathological changes in the brain that is induced by hormonal imbalance: A possible implication to postmenopausal women(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2009) Radenahmad, Nisaudah; Saleh, Farid; Sawangjaroen, Kitja; Rundorn, Wilart; Withyachumnarnkul, Boornsirm; Connor, James R.Background and aim: Some degenerative diseases of the nervous system have been linked to hormonal imbalance in postmenopausal women. It is argued that young coconut juice (YCJ) could have some estrogen-like characteristics, but this is still debatable. Our aim was to investigate this argument, and to examine whether YCJ has any neuroprotective effects. Materials and methods: Four groups of female rats (10 in each group) were included in this study. These included sham-operated, overiectomized (ovx), ovx and receiving estradiol benzoate (EB) injections intraperitoneally, and ovx and receiving YCJ orally. At the end of the five-week study, the rats were sacrificed, and their serum estradiol (E2) level was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Moreover, the rat brains were excised, and the cortical pyramidal neurons were examined using markers of neuronal cell death, namely anti-neurofilament (NF200) and antiparvalbumin (PV) antibodies. Results: Our results showed that the rat group which received YCJ had its serum E2 level significantly (P<0.05) higher than the ovx group which did not receive any treatment, and the sham-operated group. A similar trend was observed with the group which received EB injections, but no significant difference was present when the latter was compared with the shamoperated group. In addition, a significant reduction in neuronal cell death was observed in the YCJ-treated group, as compared to the ovx group which did not receive any treatment. This was indicated by the significantly (P<0.05) higher number of neurons which were immunopositive for NF200 and PV. Interestingly, the number of these neurons was also significantly (P<0.05) higher in the YCJ group, as compared to the EB group. Conclusion: This study confirms the argument that YCJ has estrogen-like characteristics, and it also adds more evidence to the observation that hormonal imbalance could induce some brain pathologies in females.