Browsing by Subject "Immunity"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Chitosan-nanoparticles effects on mucosal immunity: a systematic review
    (Elsevier, 2022-08-26) Collado-González, Mar; Esteban Abad, María de los Ángeles; Biología Celular e Histología
    Nanoparticles-based treatments is of utmost importance for aquaculture. In this scenario, chitosan-based nanoparticles have been proposed due to the properties of chitosan, which include mucoadhesiveness. Nevertheless, pivotal parameters of chitosan, such as degree of acetylation and molecular weight, are commonly underestimated in the available literature despite the influence they seem to have on the properties of chitosan-based nanoparticles. In this systematic review, the immunomodulator capacity of chitosan nanoparticles used as mucosal vaccines on teleost fish has been evaluated paying special attention to the chitosan properties. Four databases were used for literature search, yielding 486 documents, from which 14 meet the inclusion criteria. Only 21% of the available studies reported properly chitosan properties, which should be improved in future works to generate reproducible data as well as valuable information. To the best of our knowledge, this work objectively compares for the first time, by quantifying the mg of chitosan/g of fish applied in each study, the chitosan nanoparticle preparation and doses applied to fish, as well as the effects of the treatments applied on fish immune status.
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    Editorial: Wnt Signaling in Immune Cell Regulation During Microbial Infection and Cancer
    (Frontiers, 2020-06-05) Blumenthal, Antje; Martin-Orozco, Elena; Mc Bride, Jere W; Carson, Dennis A; Sen, Malini; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología
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    Experimental infection of dogs with Toscana virus and Sandfly Fever Sicilian virus to determine their potential as possible vertebrate hosts
    (MDPI, 2020-04-20) Muñoz, Clara; Ayhan, Nazli; Ortuño, María; Ortiz Sánchez, Juana; Gould, Ernest A.; Maia, Carla; Berriatua, Eduardo; Charrel, Remi N.; Sanidad Animal
    The sandfly-borne Toscana phlebovirus (TOSV), a close relative of the sandfly fever Sicilian phlebovirus (SFSV), is one of the most common causes of acute meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans in the Mediterranean Basin. However, most of human phlebovirus infections in endemic areas either are asymptomatic or cause mild influenza-like illness. To date, a vertebrate reservoir for sandfly-borne phleboviruses has not been identified. Dogs are a prime target for blood-feeding phlebotomines and are the primary reservoir of human sandfly-borne Leishmania infantum. However, there are no definitive studies to assess whether dogs play a significant role as a reservoir host for human phlebovirus survival in the environment. Here, we have evaluated the susceptibility of domestic dogs to infection by TOSV and SFSV following the direct inoculation of the infectious virus. After experimental infection, the presence of viral RNA was investigated in plasma, urine, saliva, conjunctiva, faeces, semen, and bone marrow samples from 0 to 91 days postinoculation (dpi), as well as in plasma, saliva, and tears samples at 760 dpi. None of the challenged dogs developed clinical signs of infection with either TOSV or SFSV. SFSV RNA was never detected. TOSV RNA was not in any of the specimen types, except for plasma samples that showed low viral loads, although irregularly. None of the dogs developed detectable neutralizing antibodies after a single challenge dose of either TOSV or SFSV. However, a second challenge dose of virus given 56 days later elicited neutralizing antibodies, implying that the first inoculation of virus primed the animals for an anamnestic response following the second challenge. These results demonstrated that healthy domestic dogs are not highly susceptible to infection by TOSV or SFSV and do not develop significant viremia or excrete virus following infection. Consequently, dogs are unlikely natural reservoir hosts of infection and do not appear to play a significant role in phlebovirus transmission cycles.
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    Hepatitis B viral infection and role of alcohol
    (Baishideng Publishing Group, 2022-09-21) Muro, Manuel; Collados Ros, Aurelia; Legaz Pérez, Isabel; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
    End-stage liver disease is frequently caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and alcohol consumption. Notably, the mechanism by which alcohol affects the course of HBV-associated liver disease is unknown, and additional research is needed in this area. A reduced immunological response, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, Golgi apparatus stress, and enhanced HBV replication are a few potential causes.