Browsing by Subject "Habits"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Agency from a radical embodied standpoint: an ecologial-enactive proposal
    (Frontiers Media, 2020-06-26) Segundo Ortin, Miguel; Filosofía
    Explaining agency is a significant challenge for those who are interested in the sciences of the mind, and non-representationalists are no exception to this. Even though both ecological psychologists and enactivists agree that agency is to be explained by focusing on the relation between the organism and the environment, they have approached it by focusing on different aspects of the organism-environment relation. In this paper, I offer a suggestion for a radical embodied account of agency that combines ecological psychology with recent trends in enactive cognitive science. According to this proposal, while enactivism focuses primarily on describing how our acquired sensorimotor schemes and habits mutually equilibrate, affecting our tendency to act upon some affordances instead of others, ecological psychology focuses on studying how perceptual information contributes to the actualization of the sensorimotor schemes and habits without mediating representations, inferences, and computations. The paper concludes by briefly exploring how this ecological-enactive theory of agency can account for how socio-cultural norms shape human agency.
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    Analysis of the level of information, habits and knowledge of university students about the importance and relationship of physical activity and oral health
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2024) Pavlović, Ratko; Janković, Svjetlana; Kozina, Zhanneta
    This study aimed to evaluate university students' awareness, habits, and knowledge concerning the relationship between physical activity and oral health as part of overall well-being. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 345 students from the University of East Sarajevo, comprising 132 males (38.26%) and 213 females (61.74%), aged 19 to 27. The survey included 20 closed-ended questions. Results revealed that 77.69% of participants were non-smokers, with every fifth participant reporting physical inactivity and 64.34% engaging in physical activity one to three times a week. A third of the students exercised for over 60 minutes, while 44.05% exercised for 15-45 minutes. Most respondents (53.91%) brushed their teeth twice daily, with 45.51% brushing for 2-3 minutes. Over half (55.36%) were aware of the positive effects of physical activity on both general and oral health. However, 26.96% were unaware that poor oral health could impact physical activity quality. Some students feared dental procedures (18.85%) or did not use supplementary oral hygiene products (10.72%). A smaller percentage (8.40%) would use performance-enhancing drugs, and 50.44% were unaware of their adverse effects on oral and overall health. Additionally, 28.92% did not know the importance of mouthguards in contact sports. While 42% knew that a knocked-out tooth can be reimplanted, only 30.14% knew how to do it. Most (89.28%) recognized the harmful effects of carbonated drinks on health. Over half (59.13%) changed their toothbrush every three months, and 49.86% visited the dentist only when necessary. The study concludes that students at the University of East Sarajevo have a commendable level of knowledge regarding the relationship between physical activity and oral health.
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    Dewey: El significado democrático de la primacía de los hábitos
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de Publicaciones, 2016) Mougan, Carlos; Sin departamento asociado
    La relevancia que Dewey concede a los hábitos en la deliberación sirve de clave para precisar la manera en que entendió la democracia. Aunque es posible encuadrarlo dentro de los defensores de la democracia deliberativa, la importancia que da a los factores no estrictamente epistémicos hace que rechace los supuestos intelectualistas que suelen caracterizar aquellas posiciones. La consecuencia es una teoría política normativa que entiende que la democracia requiere no sólo el cultivo de las capacidades cognitivas, sino el desarrollo de un ethos que haga posible la extensión de los valores democráticos.
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    Insuficiente adherencia al ejercicio físico de universitarios. Una revisión sistemática
    (Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2019) Moreno Arrebola, Rubén; Puertas-Molero, Pilar; Castañeda Vázquez, Carolina; Castro-Sánchez, Manuel
    El sedentarismo se constituye como uno de los principales pro- blemas para la salud de la población mundial del siglo XXI. Debido a las características socioculturales que presentan los estudiantes universitarios, resulta una población idónea para el estudio y fomento de actividad física (AF). El objetivo principal de la presente revisión sistemática es dar una visión general sobre la adherencia a la práctica de AF entre la población universitaria, así como de los programas de intervención dirigidos a fomen- tar dicha práctica, desde el año 2007 hasta nuestros días. La metodología utilizada ha estado dirigida por la declaración PRISMA. Como principales conclusiones, el 100% de los estudios de la primera selección sostienen la urgente necesidad de la creación e implementación de programas de inter- vención dirigidos a fomentar la práctica de AF entre estudiantes universi- tarios. Finalmente, la mayoría de los programas de intervención estudiados consiguen incrementar la adherencia a la práctica de AF.
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    Neither mindful nor mindless, but minded: habits, ecological psychology, and skilled performance
    (Springer, 2021-06-30) Segundo-Ortin, Miguel; Heras-Escribano, Manuel; Filosofía
    A widely shared assumption in the literature about skilled motor behavior is that any action that is not blindly automatic and mechanical must be the product of computational processes upon mental representations. To counter this assumption, in this paper we ofer a radical embodied (non-representational) account of skilled action that combines ecological psychology and the Deweyan theory of habits. According to our proposal, skilful performance can be understood as composed of sequences of mutually coherent, task-specifc perceptual-motor habits. Such habits play a crucial role in simplifying both our exploration of the perceptual environment and our decision-making. However, we argue that what keeps habits situated, precluding them from becoming rote and automatic, are not mental representations but the agent’s conscious attention to the afordances of the environment. It is because the agent is not acting on autopilot but constantly searching for new information for afordances that she can control her behavior, adapting previously learned habits to the current circumstances. We defend that our account provides the resources needed to understand how skilled action can be intelligent (fexible, adaptive, context-sensitive) without having any representational cognitive processes built into them.
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    Percepción de los padres de los hábitos físico-deportivos, alimenticios y académicos del alumnado de Educación Primaria
    (2016-09-13) Álvarez Muñoz, José Santiago; Hernández Prados, María de los Ángeles
    En la actualidad, los peligros que acechan el crecimiento y desarrollo de la población escolar en diversos planos de su dimensión vital son múltiples, destacando la preocupación por parte de los padres en el plano alimenticio, físico-deportivo y académico. La correcta adquisición y refuerzo de las prácticas positivas que contribuyan a generar un buen hábito, depende del trabajo conjunto entre los dos agentes de socialización más importantes: escuela y familia. Partiendo de esta premisa, se realizó una investigación que cuenta con la participación 276 familias procedentes de centros educativos de diferente titularidad de un municipio de Murcia, las cuales cumplimentaron un cuestionario como instrumento de recogida de información que incluyen cuestiones acerca de la transmisión y adquisición de dichos hábitos. Se aprecia la falta de tiempo y recursos como las principales dificultades y, además, ellos mismos consideran y valoran su papel educativo y el de la escuela en el trabajo con estos hábitos, realzando la importancia de la incursión de estos temas en la educación formal como elemento transversal. No obstante, se demanda la necesidad de construcción de cauces de comunicación y vías de trabajo entre familias y escuela.