Browsing by Subject "GLP-1"

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    In vitro digestion effect on CCK and GLP-1 release and antioxidant capacity of some plant-basedmilk substitutes
    (Wiley, 2022-04-02) Aly, Esmat; Sánchez Moya, Teresa; Darwish, Aliaa A.; Ros Berruezo, Gaspar; López Nicolás, Rubén; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología; Facultad de Veterinaria
    Recently, plant-based milk substitutes, as an emerging industry, are receiving more attention. Despite that, these dairy alternatives have not been adequately studied for their functional properties. Thus, the current research was devoted to study the satiety potential through in vitro secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and the antioxidant capacity of these dairy alternatives after in vitro digestion. The enteroendocrine cell line, STC-1, was used to measure satiety hormones release (CCK and GLP-1) by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Also, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity (using oxygen radical absorbance capacity [ORAC], ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP], and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid [ABTS] assays) were measured before and after in vitro digestion. The results demonstrated that CCK secretion was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for cow's milk (350.64 pg ml–1) as compared to plant-based milk substitutes. Among the plant-based milk substitutes, tiger nut milk showed the highest CCK stimulant (228.96 pg ml–1), followed by hazelnut milk (220.04 pg ml–1). Concerning GLP-1 release, the data exhibited that spelt milk was the food with the highest induction of GLP-1 hormone secretion, followed by cow's milk (910.17 and 876.59 pg ml–1, respectively), but without any significant differences between them. total phenolic content (TPC) values strongly increased after in vitro digestion, cow's milk and soymilk being the samples with the highest TPC values after in vitro digestion (165.76 and 153.71 mg GAE/100 ml, respectively). In line with TPC values, soymilk had the highest ORAC, ABTS, and FRAP values after in vitro digestion (25.41, 8.17, and 2.51 µmol TE/ml, respectively). Thus, these dairy alternatives could be an adequate substitute for cow's milk, according to its satiety and antioxidant capacity.
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    Satiety hormone secretion induced by a carob-based formulation (Csat®) after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation in STC-1 cells
    (Elsevier, 0001-07-26) Benito-Vázquez, Iván; Rosell, María de los Ángeles; Lates-Profir, Natalia; Díez Municio, Marina; Moreno, Francisco Javier; Frontela Saseta, María del Carmen; López Nicolás, Rubén; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
    Csat® is a carob-derived based product standardized in galactomannans, inositols, and gallic acid, with potential applications in weight management and metabolic health. This study evaluated the effects of Csat® on satietyrelated enteroendocrine signalling after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation. A standardized INFOGEST in vitro digestion model was combined with batch colonic fermentation using human faecal inoculum, and the resulting fractions were tested in STC-1 cells to quantify glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion. Digestive stability of key bioactive compounds was assessed by HPLC-MS. Undigested Csat® did not stimulate hormone secretion, whereas gastric digestion induced the strongest enteroendocrine response, significantly increasing both GLP-1 and CCK release. The intestinal soluble phase maintained a moderate stimulatory effect. During colonic fermentation, galactomannans were extensively degraded, while pinitol remained stable and gallic acid showed variable recovery. Fermentation kinetics revealed active microbial metabolism, with early fermentation associated with the highest endocrine response. GLP-1 and CCK secretion peaked at 4 h fermentation and progressively declined at later stages. Overall, Csat® showed a marked phase-dependent endocrine activity, with gastrointestinal processing and early microbial fermentation generating the most bioactive fractions. These findings support the potential of Csat® to modulate satiety-related pathways through coordinated digestion- and microbiota-derived mechanisms.
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    The role of GIP in carbohydrate metabolism: Implications in the development of therapies for T2DM, a narrative review
    (2026) Alfredo Díaz-Gómez; Francisco Visiedo; José-Carlos García-Ortiz; Alonso Camacho-Ramírez; Antonio Ribelles-García; José-Arturo Prada-Oliveira; Gonzalo-Martín Pérez-Arana; David Almorza-Gomar; Biología Celular e Histología
    Introduction. For the last three decades, bariatric/metabolic surgeries have highlighted the relevance of certain gastrointestinal hormones in controlling and regulating glucose metabolism. The incretins have been a significant focus in developing therapies against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been a primary focus in this field, leading to the development of analogues with high therapeutic potential and efficiency, such as semaglutide. However, recently another incretin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), has become a key target in T2DM drug development due to its complex pleiotropic effects, which include modulating insulin/glucagon secretion, acting on adipose tissue, and regulating appetite. The description of GIP properties as dual can be ambiguous, as this may refer either to its capacity to regulate both insulin and glucagon or to its distinct actions at the central versus peripheral level. Connecting this multifaceted activity was the rationale for developing combined GIP/GLP-1 analogues, like tirzepatide, and has culminated in triple receptor agonists such as retratutide, which also engages the glucagon receptor (LY3437943). These multi agonists potentially enhance the therapeutic potential of GLP-1 analogues. Commentaries. This review covers GIP physiology, its role within the context of T2DM, and the properties of GIP analogues, which represent a new line of drugs against T2DM. This field includes not only GIP analogues, since some are dual or triple agonists that also target GLP-1. We aim to elucidate the future perspectives offered by the use of these drugs.