Browsing by Subject "Fatty acids"

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    Age-related changes in fatty acid profile and locomotor activity rhythms in Nothobranchius korthausae
    (Elsevier, 2011-08-28) Lucas-Sanchez, A; Almaida Pagán, Pedro Francisco; Madrid, Juan A; Costa, J. de; Mendiola, P; Fisiología
    The life cycle of Nothobranchius korthausae, a Cyprinodontiformes fish, was studied in our laboratory to characterise the ageing process. Some morphological changes, such as spine curvature, skin colour, and fin and eye appearance are described. Growth and survival curves reflected a fast life cycle with rapid initial growth until 4 weeks of age, after which the fish grew more slowly before reaching their final size in week 40. Senescence onset was established at week 48 with a decrease in spawn size and viability and a general decline in the animal's appearance (weight and colouration losses, caudal fin degradation, and cataractogenesis). The fatty acid composition changed with age,with high unsaturation in the adult stage as reflected by a high peroxidation index, a condition that is associated with high susceptibility to oxidative damage if elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production occurs. Senescent fish had an increase in monounsaturated fatty acid proportions and a lower peroxidation index (226.5±19.7 in adults versus 120.2±19.1 in senescent fish, Pb0.05). The circadian system, as reflected by locomotor activity rhythms, showed noticeable changes with age. Twenty-four-week-old fish (adults) had a robust diurnal rhythm that showed a decrease in total activity, an increase in rhythmfragmentation, and a fall in amplitude and regularity with age. Changes were clearly reflected in the Circadian Function Index variations (0.56, 0.47 and 0.25 at 24, 48 and 72 weeks of age, respectively). In conclusion, N. korthausae appears to be a species with appropriate characteristics for ageing studies because it manifests clear signs of progressive ageing. Comparing species of Nothobranchius genus with different lifespans may be useful for increasing our understanding of the ageing process.
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    Evaluación de parámetros de calidad de carne de vacuno ecológico en dos modelos de producción ecológica.
    (Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones + SEAE y SOCLA, 2022) García Torres, Susana; Mesías, Francisco J.; Cabeza, María; Ortiz, Alberto; Tejerina, David; Horcada, Alberto; Sin departamento asociado
    La etiqueta de carne ecológica garantiza a los consumidores el cumplimiento de los requerimientos de producción ecológica, y genera en ellos percepciones positivas y expectativas favorables hacia estos alimentos. Como en cualquier alimento, la experiencia sensorial y el conocimiento de sus características de calidad, resultan importantes para fidelizar al consumidor.El conocimiento sobre la calidad de carne de vacuno ecológico podría resultar en una estrategia para fomentar este alimento. Por ello, se abordó el estudio de características de interés para los consumidores como el perfil lipídico, la terneza y la experiencia sensorial de la carne ecológica de vacuno producida en dos modelos de producción ecológica, a pasto y a pienso.La carne de producción ecológica a pasto, mostró mayor contenido en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, y aunque inicialmente fue la menos tierna, tras 7 días de maduración, alcanzó el grado de terneza de la carne ecológica a pienso y de convencional. Sensorialmente, los consumidores valoraron mejor la carne ecológica a pastos por su color aunque una vez cocinada, la valoración de los atributos terneza y jugosi-dad, la perjudicaron en la valoración de preferencia global. El estudio de preferencia reveló la importancia del color y el origen de la carne, así como la importancia de la etiqueta de calidad, incluso con una dispo-sición a pagar más por ella.
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    Lipidomes in cadaveric decomposition and determination of the postmortem interval: a systematic review
    (MDPI, 2024-01-12) Caballero Moreno, Leticia; Luna, Aurelio; Legaz Pérez, Isabel; Ciencias Sociosanitarias
    Lipids are a large group of natural compounds, together with proteins and carbohydrates, and are essential for various processes in the body. After death, the organism’s tissues undergo a series of reactions that generate changes in some molecules, including lipids. This means that determining the lipid change profile can be beneficial in estimating the postmortem interval (PMI). These changes can also help determine burial sites and advance the localization of graves. The aim was to explore and analyze the decomposition process of corpses, focusing on the transformation of lipids, especially triglycerides (TGs) and fatty acids (FAs), and the possible application of these compounds as markers to estimate PMI and detect burial sites. A systematic review of 24 scientific articles from the last 23 years (2000–2023) was conducted. The results show that membrane glycerophospholipids (such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol, among others) are the most studied, and the most promising results are obtained, with decreasing patterns as PMI varies. Fatty acids (FAs) are also identified as potential biomarkers owing to the variations in their postmortem concentration. An increase in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), such as stearic acid and palmitic acid, and a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), such as oleic acid and linoleic acid, were observed. The importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in decomposition is also observed. Finally, as for the burial sites, the presence of fatty acids and some sterols in burial areas of animal and human remains can be verified. In conclusion, glycerophospholipids and fatty acids are good markers for estimating PMI. It has been observed that there are still no equations for estimating the PMI that can be applied to forensic practice, as intrinsic and extrinsic factors are seen to play a vital role in the decomposition process. As for determining burial sites, the importance of soil and textile samples has been demonstrated, showing a direct relationship between saturated fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids, and some sterols with decomposing remains.
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    Membrane fluidity determines sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan
    (2010) López Jiménez, José Ángel; Palma Guerrero, J.; Pérez Berná, A. J.; Huang, I. C.; Jansson, H.B.; Salinas, J.; Villalaín, J.; Read, N.D.; López Llorca, L. V.; Filosofía
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    Modulatory effect of inulin with soya isoflavones on plasma lipid profile and liver SCD-18 index in rats with induced type-2 diabetes mellitus
    (Universidad de Murcia.Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Histiologia, 2019) Misiakiewicz Has, Kamila Daria; Maciejewska, Dominika; Kolasa Wołosiuk, Agnieszka; Pilutin, Anna; Rzeszotek, Sylwia; Wilk, Aleksandra; Szypulska Koziarska, Dagmara; Stachowska, Ewa; Łukomska, Agnieszka; Wiszniewska, Barbara
    Obesity and type-2 diabetes are often associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Soya isoflavones act as antidiabetic agents and protect against NAFLD. There are data suggesting that inulin may increase the plasma concentration and effect of soya isoflavones. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of soya isoflavones, as opposed to the effect of soya isoflavones with inulin, on plasma lipid profile, liver morphology, and liver fatty acids in rats with induced type-2 diabetes mellitus. Data were collected on thirty-six male Sprague- Dawley rats divided into control and diabetic groups. Animals in the diabetic (DM) group were on a high-fat diet and were injected with low doses of streptozotocin. Animals in the control groups were fed a regular diet and were injected with a buffer. After the injections, the animals were divided into three groups of nondiabetic rats (nDM)-controls (c-nDM), rats treated with isoflavones (IS-nDM), and rats treated with isoflavones plus inulin (IS+IN-nDM)-and three parallel diabetic (DM) subgroups: controls (c-DM), rats treated with isoflavone (IS-DM), and rats treated with isoflavones plus inulin (IS+IN-DM). Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining and Mallory’s trichrome methods respectively. Liver fatty acids were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography. A lipid blood test was performed. The study showed significant changes in liver fatty acids, liver morphology, and plasma lipid profile. The estimated SCD-18 index significantly decreased in both the control and DM groups after isoflavone supplementation. The level of liver steatosis and fibrosis also decreased after isoflavone supplementation in the DM groups. The plasma lipid profile showed increased levels of HDL-C after isoflavone supplementation in the DM groups. These results support the protective use of isoflavones in liver steatosis and as beneficial to plasma lipid profile in individuals with diabetes. A novelty of this work is its comparison of supplementation using soya isoflavones with supplementation using both soya isoflavones and inulin. Surprisingly, additional supplementation with inulin modulates the positive effect of isoflavones
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    Photoautotrophs and macroinvertebrate trophic relations in calcareous semiarid streams: the role of Cyanobacteria
    (Elsevier, 2022-06-01) Aboal, Marina; Belando, María Dolores; Ubero Pascal, Nicolás; González-Silvera, Daniel; López-Jiménez, José Ángel; Zoología y Antropología Física
    Photoautotrophs and macroinvertebrate trophic relations in Mediterranean streams, especially from semiarid areas, are still poorly known, as is the role of Cyanobacteria, which is the most frequently dominant photoautotroph. To investigate the role of Cyanobacteria as a food resource in these systems, the fatty acid composition of primary and secondary pro- ducers was investigated in two streams on a semiarid climatic gradient between 200 and 500 mm of rainfall in SE Spain. Fatty acid composition of photoautotrophs and macroinvertebrates differed among streams in summer and among sea- sons in each stream. Fatty acid fingerprints show that macroinvertebrates usually fed on the dominant photoautotroph assemblage and that Cyanobacteria represent the main food for all the feeding groups in the Alhárabe stream in winter although filamentous green algae were preferred in summer. Only scrapers consuming Chlorophyta displayed a selective feeding behaviour. The results show the importance of cyanobacteria as food for all collected macroinvertebrates in win- ter in some semiarid streams and confirm that fatty acids can be used as temporal and spatial markers in fluvial systems.
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    Trophic ecology of the sea urchin Spatangus purpureus elucidated from gonad fatty acids composition analysis
    (2011) López Jiménez, José Ángel; Barberá, C.; Fernández Jover, D.; González Silvera, D.; Hinz, H.; Moranta, J.; Fisiología