Browsing by Subject "Digestibility"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Effective use of glucose rather than starch in formulated semimoist diets of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris)
    (Wiley, 2014-08-12) Sánchez Morillo-Velarde, Mª Piedad; Cerezo Valverde, Jesús; Aguado Giménez, Felipe; Hernández, M. D.; García García, Benjamín; Biología Celular e Histología
    The aim of the present work was to test the capacity of Octopus vulgaris to use carbohydrates supplied in three diets: a diet without added carbohydrates (diet C0: 500 g kg−1 water, 200 g kg−1 gelatine, 100 g kg−1 egg yolk powder, 50 g kg−1 freeze-dried Sardinella aurita and 150 g kg−1 freeze-dried Todarodes sagittatus) and two obtained by substituting 50 g kg−1 of T. sagittatus by glucose (diet GLU50) or by starch (diet STA50). The most stable and best-accepted diet was STA50 (SFR 1.26%BW day−1) although there were no significant differences in the growth rates obtained with the three diets: 10.12 g day−1, 9.37 g day−1 and 11.22 g day−1 for C0, GLU50 and STA50, respectively (P > 0.05). The feed efficiency indices were better for GLU50, of particular note being the protein productive value of 71.88% and a feed conversion ratio lower than 1. Protein and lipid digestibility were similar in all the three diets (96–98% for proteins and 85–94% for lipids), whereas carbohydrate digestibility was higher in GLU50 (98%) than in C0 (84%) and STA50 (0.33%). The content of carbohydrates increased in muscle and the digestive gland as a consequence of the increased carbohydrates intake.
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    Energy intake and macronutrient selection in sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) challenged with fat dilution and fat deprivation using encapsulated diets
    (Elsevier, 2008-02-27) Almaida Pagán, Pedro Francisco; Seco-Rovira, V; Hernandez, M D; Madrid, Juan A; Costa, J de; Mendiola, P; Fisiología; IMIDA-Acuicultura, Consejería de Agricultura y Agua de la Región de Murcia, Apdo.65.30740, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
    Sharpsnout seabream fed pure macronutrient capsules were challenged to fat dilution and fat deprivation in order to investigate the effects of fat level on energy intake regulation and macronutrient selection by fish, as they lack oropharyngeal chemosensory information from the diet. During the control phase, the fish were fed three individually encapsulated macronutrients, from which they composed a diet containing 67.36% protein (P), 19.08% carbohydrates (CH) and 13.57% fat (F), in terms of macronutrient weight intake percentage. During the second phase of the experiment, a lipid content reduction in F capsules from 55.0% to 13.4% did not significantly modify this selection pattern, energy ingestion or the number of capsules ingested of each macronutrient. During the third phase, in which they were subjected to fat deprivation, starting on almost the first day, the fish increased their total energy intake and total ingested number of capsules. These results reveal that fish are capable of distinguishing and selecting each of the three macronutrients contained in gelatine capsules, and that fish selection of a balanced diet from pure macronutrients is remarkably stable. Fish are capable of sustaining their macronutrient selection pattern and energy intake with very low amounts of fat in their diets (Phase 2). A certain instability in the initial P, CH and energy intake was only observed when fat was totally deprived (Phase 3), which resulted in higher values than those observed in Phase 1. In order to examine any possible effects of diet encapsulation, digestibility assays were performed in a second experiment. The fish were divided into two experimental groups and fed the same complete commercial diet, the only difference being the way it was presented to each group (pelleted or encapsulated). No statistical differences between the experimental groups were found with regards to both apparent digestibility coefficients and fish growth.
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    Growth and digestibility of formulated diets based on dry and freeze-dried ingredients in the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris)
    (Elsevier, 2012-11-24) Sánchez Morillo-Velarde, Mª Piedad; Cerezo Valverde, Jesús; Hernández, M. D.; Aguado Giménez, Felipe; García García, Benjamin; Biología Celular e Histología
    We studied the growth of O. vulgaris and the digestibility of two semi-moist diets (50% water) based exclusively on dry and freeze-dried ingredients (Diet S: 20% gelatin, 10% egg yolk powder, 5% Sardinella aurita and 15% Todarodes sagittatus; and Diet P: the same as the previous diet but substituting T. sagittatus by pea). Both diets had a similar macronutrient composition (70–73% protein DW, 12–13% lipids DW), a firm texture when introduced into the water and good acceptability. Survival was 100% with both diets. The specific feeding rates were also similar for both diets (1.0% body weight/day; P > 0.05), although the best results were obtained with diet S, which was responsible for an absolute growth rate of 9.6 g/day and a feed conversion rate of 1.0, compared with the 2.2 g/day and 3.9 obtained with diet P; P < 0.05). The protein and lipid productive values were significantly higher for diet S than for diet P (43.6 and 13.3% vs. 20.2 and − 0.5%, respectively). The good results obtained with diet S may be explained by its greater digestibility (93.3% for dry matter, 97.0% for proteins and 87.9% for lipids) compared with the corresponding value for diet P (73.8%, 92.1% and 85.0%, respectively). The findings demonstrate that O. vulgaris can be fed with dry or freeze-dried ingredients that have undergone mild heat treatments since they lead to good growth, feed efficiency and digestibility. Future studies on octopus on-growing could use a similar base to that proposed in this paper to obtain diets with better acceptability, stability or nutritional composition for commercial purposes.
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    In vivo and in vitro Digestibility of an Extruded Complete Dog Food Containing Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal as Protein Source
    (Frontiers, 2021-06-11) Penazzi, Livio; Schiavone, Achille; Russo, Natalia; Nery, Joana; Valle, Emanuela; Madrid, Josefa; Martínez, Silvia; Hernandez, Fuensanta; Pagani, Elena; Ala, Ugo; Prola, Liviana; Producción Animal; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
    Growing attention is being directed toward insects as a novel and sustainable source of protein for pet food. The aim of the study was to evaluate nutrient digestibility of a diet containing black soldier fly larvae as its main protein source. Moreover, the purpose of the study was to compare the traditional in vivo total collection method with the in vivo marker method and in vitro digestibility method. Two isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dry diets containing either venison meal (CTRL diet) or black soldier fly larvae meal (BSF diet) as their primary sources of proteins were fed to six adult dogs, according to a Latin square design. The digestibility of nutrients was determined using both in vivo (“total collection” and “internal marker” approaches) and in vitro methods. The two diets showed similar nutrient digestibility values for dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, ash, and phosphorus. However, a statistical trend (p = 0.066) was observed indicating greater protein digestibility in the BSF diet compared with the CTRL diet. Calcium digestibility was higher in the BSF diet compared with the CTRL diet (p = 0.018). On the contrary, fiber digestibility was lower in the insect-based diet compared with the venison diet (p < 0.001). There was no difference between total collection and internal marker methods in the assessment of in vivo digestibility for any of the nutrients considered. The in vitro digestibility values for dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein, as well as the estimated in vivo digestibility of organic matter and crude protein by the means of the predictive equation, were aligned with the in vivo results, although in vitro estimations were consistently higher compared with those obtained by in vivo analysis. Digestibility analysis of a dog food containing insect meal as the sole source of protein (36.5% inclusion) showed promising results in terms of it presenting similar values as a meat-based diet, indicating its suitability as a sustainable protein source for pet food. Moreover, the study showed that both the in vivo marker method and the in vitro method could be possible alternatives to the traditional total collection method in digestibility trials.
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    Utilization of diets with different fish oil content in common octopus (Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797) and resulting changes in its biochemical composition
    (Wiley, 2015-10-27) Sánchez Morillo-Velarde, Mª Piedad; Cerezo Valverde, Jesús; García García, Benjamín; Biología Celular e Histología
    The aim of the present work was to obtain the lipid utilization of Octopus vulgaris supplying formulated semi-moist diets with different contents in cod oil (reduced from water content): 0 g kg−1 (A0, 138 g kg−1 lipids DW; N = 4), 100 g kg−1 (A100, 286 g kg−1 lipids DW; N = 6) and 200 g kg−1 (A200, 388 g kg−1 lipids DW; N = 6). The rest of the ingredients were constant in the three diets: 200 g kg−1 gelatin, 100 g kg−1 egg yolk powder, 150 g kg−1 freeze-dried Todarodes sagittatus and 50 g kg−1 freeze-dried Sardinella aurita). Survival was 100% with the three diets. The highest absolute feeding (15.8 ± 1.2 g day−1), growth (9.6 ± 1.4 g day−1; 0.91% BW day−1) and feed efficiency rates (60.3%) were obtained with diet A0. This diet also showed greater retention of lipid and protein than A100 and A200. Protein digestibility was above 95% in all of the diets. Only diet A0 led to a high lipid digestibility coefficient (81.25%), which fell drastically to 12.3% in A200. It was notable the high polar lipid digestibility rates (83–89%) respect to neutral lipids (2–87%) in all diets. The best results were obtained with lipid feeding rates of around 1 g day−1 and a suitable lipid content on 130–140 g kg−1 DW in formulated diets for O. vulgaris.