Browsing by Subject "Cattle"
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- PublicationOpen AccessCarbonic anhydrase II is secreted from bovine parotid glands(Murcia : F. Hernández, 2010) Mau, M.; Kaiser, T.M.; Südekum, K.-H.Besides carbonic anhydrase VI (CA-VI),CA-II is suggested to be a second secreted isoenzyme inruminant saliva. Therefore, the aim of the present studywas to investigate the expression of salivary CA-II inbovine parotid glands at the protein level. Moreover, weintended to identify the cells which secrete the enzymeinto the saliva. Two commercially available CA-IIspecific antibodies were tested for use inimmunohistochemistry on frozen sections of bovineparotid tissue. Intense positive staining for CA-II wasfound in luminal duct cells and for the first time alsoinside the duct lumen, clearly demonstrating theexpression and secretion of salivary CA-II in bovineparotid glands. The presence of CA-II protein wasverified for parotid tissue and whole saliva usingimmunoblot analysis. Both salivary CA-II and CA-VIare highly active in supplying the alimentary tract withbicarbonate. It is suggested that a decrease in theexpression of either one of these enzymes might severelydisturb digestion and/or increase susceptibility toacidosis in ruminants.
- PublicationOpen AccessDomestic microwave processing for rapid immunohistochemical diagnosis of bovine rabies(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2012) Abreu, Camila C.; Nakayama, Priscilla A.; Nogueira, Clayton I.; Mesquita, Leonardo P.; Lopes, Priscila F.R.; Varaschin, Mary S.; Seixas, Josilene do N.; Ferreira, Enio; Bezerra Jr, Pedro S.The present study describes the use of a microwave processing protocol for the rapid histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of bovine rabies. Immunohistochemistry has been used for rabies diagnosis in formalin-fixed tissue with satisfactory results, although the time to diagnosis is considerably longer than that with direct immunofluorescence. The protocol provided a provisory histopathological rabies diagnosis in approximately three and half hours and the immunohistochemical diagnosis was available after six hours. The protocol achieved 100% correlation with direct immunofluorescence and is a promising method, particularly in situations in which only material in formalin is available for diagnosis or when the refrigeration or transportation of biological material is difficult.
- PublicationOpen AccessGrowth parameters and growth-related hormone profile in a herd of cattle up to 4 years of age derived from assisted reproductive technologies(MDPI, 2025-02-21) Heras, Sonia; Sena Lopes, Jordana; Quintero-Moreno, Armando; Romero-Aguirregomezcorta, Jon; Canovas, Sebastian; Romar, Raquel; Coy, Pilar; Fisiología
- PublicationOpen AccessHistopathological alterations in the antral ovarian follicles in dairy cows with a tendency to emaciation(F. Hernández y Juan F. Madrid. Universidad de Murcia. Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, 2012) Pivko, J.; Makarevich, A.V.; Kubovičova, E.; Ostro, A.; Hegedušová, Z.; Louda, F.The aim of the study was to define interrelationships between histopathological alterations in ovarian antral follicles and body condition in dairy cows with a tendency to emaciation (BCS 1 and 2) compared with dairy cows with normal body condition (BCS 3). The ovaries were recovered from slaughtered cyclic dairy cows (at the luteal phase of the cycle) of Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein breeds at different times of the post-partum period. The animals were estimated as belonging to certain grade of body condition score (BCS) according to a 5-point scale. Only dairy cows with BCS1 (emaciation; n=6), BCS2 (tendency to emaciation; n=5) and BCS3 (optimal body condition status; n=6) were available for the experiment. The ovarian samples were embedded into Technovit 7100 resin; the tissue sections were stained with buffered basic fuchsine with toluidine blue. For acidic mucopolysaccharides (aMPS) a combination of PAS-technique with Alcian blue was used. Histological analysis showed that emaciation was associated with an increased occurrence of late (cystic) and luteinization-related atresia in granulosa and theca cells and increased levels of aMPS in small atretic follicles. Our observations indicate that dairy cows with a tendency to emaciation (BCS 2) or emaciated (BCS 1) have elevated occurrence of late atresia and atresia with luteinization, while initial atresia is less. This expands our basic knowledge of ovarian histopathology providing new insight into the association of antral follicle atresia and body condition status in dairy cows
- PublicationOpen AccessHistophilus somni: Pathogenicity in cattle. An update(Murcia, Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2010) Pérez, D.S.; Pérez, F.A.; Bretschneider, G.Histophilus somni (H. somni) is a Gram-negative bacterium currently classified as a member of the Haemophilus-Actinobacillus-Pasteurella group. Clinical syndromes associated with H. somni infection involve thromboembolic meningoencephalitis, pneumonia and disease of the reproductive tract in cattle. Animals can be carriers of non-pathogenic variants of the organism, mainly in the genital mucosa. The causes of these differences in virulence between strains are not defined. Several determinants of virulence of the pathogen are proposed. However, many of these factors cannot be clearly related to clinical disease. H. somni avoids killing by phagocytic cells. Thus, it is able to evade the immune response by intracellular survival in the infected host. The bovine adaptive immune response against H. somni is not completely characterized. IgG2 antibodies are thought to be protective. However, the major antigen determinants of the bacterium are still unknown. Studies with H. somni bacterins have inconsistent results, especially because the factors involved in pathogenesis and immune response remain unclear.
- PublicationOpen AccessLong term study of the blood plasma biochemical profile of cattle born by assisted reproductive technologies(Brazilian College of Animal Reproduction, 2024) Serrano-Albal, Maria; Romero-Aguirregomezcorta, Jon; Canovas, Sebastian; Heras, Sonia; Quintero-Moreno, Armando Arturo; Lopes, Jordana Sena; Soriano-Ubeda, Cristina; Gadea, Joaquin; Coy, Pilar; Romar, Raquel; FisiologíaAssisted reproductive technology (ART) is key in cattle breeding as it enables selective mating and improves both reproductive efficiency and genetic improvement. However, there is still limited information on the long-term effects of these methods on the health and development of the offspring. This study aims to investigate the biochemical profile of cattle born through ART, from a previous study (Lopes et al., 2020), over an extended period to understand how these techniques may affect their health and metabolism. Male and female (not pregnant or lactating) cattle born after artificial insemination (AI, N= 7) were compared to those derived from in vitro produced embryos (IVP) using a standard protocol (C-IVP, N= 7), or using oviductal and uterine fluids in the process (RF-IVP, N= 4). Males and females were kept in two diferent open pens, but fed and managed under identical conditions their whole lives. Animals were studied every six months, from 1.5 years old until ≥4 years old, since their first year of life was evaluated by Lopes et al. (2022). Tail vein blood plasma was obtained by centrifugation (1000 G, 10 min) in lithium heparin tubes and stored at 80°C. The biochemical profile included total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLOB), creatinine (CREA), urea (URE), glucose (GLUC), cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TRIG), amylase (AMIL), lipase (LIP), creatinine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl ranspeptidase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TB). After serial dilutions, inter- and intraassay precision of the methods were lineal and below 15%. Data normal ly distributed was analysed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test; data not normally distributed was analysed using the Kruskal Wallis and Games Howell’s test (statistical significance p<0.05). The data is shown below as means by group over the years. The AI group had lower CREA and CHOL levels (1.43±0.05 mg/dL and 109.97±5.27 mg/dL, respectively) than C-IVP (1.75±0.07 mg/dL and 126.57±7.53 mg/dL, respectively) and RF-IVP (1.86±0.08 mg/dL and 140.01±7.19 mg/dL, respectively). The GGT levels were lower in RFIVP animals (13.00±1.30 UI/L) than both the C-IVP (17.55±1.10 UI/L) and AI groups (16.05±1.23 UI/L). Moreover, the levels of ALT were significantly lower in C-IVP (28.60±1.72 UI/L) than in the AI (34.35±1.81 UI/ L) and RF-IVP groups (33.40±2.24 UI/L). Depending on the age of the animal at the time of sample collection, significant differences were observed for most parameters. The parameters TP, GLOB, CREA, URE, AMIL, AST an increased in their concentration was observed as the animals aged, whilst ALB, GLUC, ALP decreased with age. However, all values can be considered within physiological ranges despite the significant v ariations. To conclude, the study showed differences in some biochemical parameters amongst the ART groups and with aging. However, despite the diferences all values were within physiological ranges. These findings are key to study the potential implications of this diferences on the animal’s health.
- PublicationOpen AccessLong-term phenotypical implications of assisted reproductive technologies in cattle(Society for Study of Reproduction (SSR), 2024) Heras, Sonia; Sena-Lopes, Jordana; Quintero-Moreno, Armando; Romero-Aguirregomezcorta, Jon; Canovas, Sebastian; Romar, Raquel; Coy, Pilar; FisiologíaAssisted reproductive technologies (ART) are regularly used in cattle breeding to produce animals of high genetic value. In 2022, over 1 million in vitro-produced embryos were transferred worldwide. However, recent studies suggest that in vitro-produced animals may differ in health, milk production, fertility, and gestational length compared to those derived in vivo. Currently, the longterm effects of ART on growth have not been studied. We aimed to investigate whether there are differences in IGF-1, T4 and cortisol levels, and their interactions with growth parameters (body weight, withers height, thoracic circumference and body length), between cattle of in vivo and in vitro origin. The 19 animals included in the study were either derived from artificial insemination (AI; 5 males and 2 females) or from embryos produced in vitro with either reproductive fluids as source of protein (RF-IVP; 4 males and 1 female) or BSA (C-IVP; 4 males and 3 females). Growth parameters were assessed at 0, 3, 7, 15, every 15 days until day 360, 550, 750, 900, 1100, 1300 and 1500 days of age. Blood samples were collected at 75, 150, 360, 550, 900, 1100 and 1500 days of age and centrifuged. Plasma hormone concentrations were determined using a solid-phase, enzyme-labeled competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model. Benjamini-Hochberg was used for p-value correction. Data were considered significant when p< 0.05.IGF-1 levels were different between both in vitro groups, being 1.6 folds higher in RF-IVP than in C-IVP, but no differences were found between the in vitro groups and the AI group. There was no correlation between IGF-1 and weight. Still, there was a positive correlation between IGF-1 and the rest of the growth parameters studied. Higher IGF-1 concentrations were correlated with higher height at withers (0.078 ± 0.029 cm/ng/mL), and higher body length (0.16 ± 0.04 cm/ng/mL). Additionally, in the RF-IVP group, higher IGF was associated with higher thoracic circumference (0.28 ± 0.12 cm/ng/mL). T4 levels were reduced with age, and this reduction was smaller in males than in females. Additionally, in the AI group, T4 was 1.6 folds higher in females than in males at 75 days of age. With regard to the growth parameters, T4 showed a negative correlation with weight (-13.26 ± 6.49 Kg/μg/dL), a positive correlation with thoracic circumference in the RF-IVP group (5.06 ± 2.67 cm/μg/dL), and no correlation with either withers height or body length.In males, a small but significant increase in cortisol level was observed with age. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between cortisol and weight in the AI group (34.11 ± 25.78 kg /µg/dL). On the contrary, there was a negative correlation between cortisol and body length in males, and bigger height at withers tended to be associated with lower cortisol concentration (p=0.06). There was no correlation between cortisol and thoracic circumference. In conclusion, we determined for the first time the relationship between growth parameters and IGF-1, T4 and cortisol, from birth to 4 years of age in cattle from in vivo and in vitro origins. It was found that in vitro embryo production supports the development of healthy animals, in terms of growth parameters and hormonal regulation, with no clinically significant differences compared to AI animals.
- PublicationOpen AccessLong-term study of physical, haematological and biochemical parameters in cattle with different embryo origins(MDPI, 2025-06-14) Serrano-Albal, Maria; Romero-Aguirregomezcorta, Jon; Canovas, Sebastian; Heras, Sonia; Gadea, Joaquin; Coy, Pilar; Romar, Raquel; FisiologíaAssisted reproductive technologies are vital in cattle breeding to improve genetic selection and productivity. While early-life differences between artificially inseminated (AI) and in vitro-produced (IVP) cattle have been studied, long-term physiological, haematological, and biochemical effects remain unclear. This observational study assessed AI and IVP cattle from 1.5 to 5 years of age to determine if early differences persist. IVP cattle were produced after the transfer of the embryo produced by supplementing (RF-IVP group) or not supplementing (C-IVP) the embryo culture with oviductal and uterine fluids. Physical evaluations showed body mass index increased until 3.5 years, while temperature and respiratory rate declined with age, with no significant differences between AI and IVP groups. Haematological analysis revealed age-related changes, including decreased red and white blood cell counts and increased mean corpuscular volume and haemoglobin. AI cattle had higher white blood cell counts than IVP groups. Sex significantly influenced many haematological variables. Biochemical analysis showed age-related increases in total protein, creatinine, and urea, and decreases in glucose and alkaline phosphatase. AI cattle had lower cholesterol and creatinine than IVP groups. Despite group differences, all values remained within normal ranges. Sex affected albumin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatine kinase. This study provides the first long-term haematological and biochemical reference values for cattle from different reproductive methods, showing that age is the main influencing factor and supporting IVP cattle as a viable alternative to AI in breeding programs.
- PublicationEmbargoMicroleakage beneath brackets bonded with flowable materials: effect of thermocycling(Oxford University Press, 2009-03-31) Vicente Hernández, Ascensión; Ortiz Ruiz, Antonio José; Bravo González, Luis Alberto; Dermatología, Estomatología, Radiología y Medicina FísicaThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of thermocycling on microleakage beneath brackets bonded with an orthodontic composite and different flowable materials. Brackets were bonded to 200 bovine incisors divided into five groups: (1) Transbond XT, (2) X-Flow, (3) Dyract-Flow, (4) Admira-Flow, and (5) Beautiful-Flow. Half the teeth in each group were thermocycled. The specimens were dyed with 1 per cent methylene blue for 24 hours to determine the percentage of microleakage into the enamel–adhesive and adhesive–bracket interfaces using image analysis equipment. Data were analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests (P < 0.05), applying Bonferroni correction when required (P < 0.005). Without thermocycling, microleakage at the enamel–adhesive interface was significantly greater for Admira-Flow than for X-Flow (P < 0.005). At the adhesive–bracket interface, there were no significant differences (P > .005). After thermocycling, microleakage of Beautiful-Flow at the enamel–adhesive interface was significantly less than for the other materials tested (P < .005), while at the adhesive–bracket interface, Admira-Flow and X-Flow showed significantly more microleakage than Beautiful-Flow and Transbond XT (P < 0.005). Analysis of the effect of thermocycling on each material showed that microleakage increased significantly at the enamel–adhesive interface with Transbond XT (P < 0.05), decreased with Beautiful-Flow (P < 0.05), increased significantly at both interfaces with X-Flow, but not to a statistically significant level with Dyract-Flow and Admira-Flow (P > 0.05). The giomer, Beautiful-Flow, demonstrated the best performance after thermocycling, while composite resins and, in particular, the flowables showed a poorer performance.
- PublicationOpen AccessMycoplasmas isolated from the respiratory tract of cattle in Bosnia and Herzegovina(Murcia: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 2012) Zinka, Maksimović; Maid, RifatbegovićThis study represents Mycoplasma species isolated from the respiratory tract of cattle in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 2002 and 2010. A total of 328 nasal swabs and 59 lung samples were submitted for isolation of mycoplasmas. Mycoplasmas were isolated from 27 samples (6.9%). M. bovis was recovered from eight nasal swabs and two lungs, while M. bovirhinis (n=4) and Acholeplasma sp. (n=1) were detected only in nasal swabs. Twelve mycoplasma isolates were unidentified (44.4%).
- PublicationOpen AccessPresente y futuro del diagnóstico de gestación en el ganado bovino(Universidad de Murcia. Servicio de publicaciones, 2022) Sice, Margaux; Gómez Martín, Ángel; Gomis Almendro, JesúsPara llevar a cabo el diagnóstico de gestación en el ganado bovino, se debe utilizar un método preciso, seguro, económico y que se pueda realizar de manera temprana. Aunque varias técnicas están actualmente disponibles en el mercado, otras siguen todavía en desarrollo, siendo posibles herramientas diagnósticas a tener en cuenta en un futuro. Por ello, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión sobre las diversas técnicas de diagnóstico de gestación (DG) y su potencial uso a nivel comercial, tanto en el presente como en el futuro, de la ganadería bovina. Los métodos directos para el DG, como son la palpación directa o la ecografía del tracto reproductor vía transrectal, siguen siendo los más empleados en la actualidad durante el control gestacional en el ganado vacuno. Son técnicas diagnósticas con buenos resultados y son interesantes a nivel económico, pero son herramientas invasivas y requieren una cierta experiencia por parte del técnico que las realiza. En general, se aplican a partir de la 3ª-4ª semana posterior a la inseminación artificial. Por otro lado, los métodos indirectos de DG son menos invasivos que los directos. Mediante este tipo de diagnósticos vía indirecta se puede detectar la presencia o ausencia de un embrión, sin visualizar directamente estructuras gestacionales. Existen métodos indirectos basados en signos clínicos, como la vigilancia del retorno al estro, así como técnicas indirectas bioquímicas, que permiten evaluar mediante el uso de kits rápidos ciertas sustancias como la progesterona (P4) o las Glicoproteínas Asociadas a la Gestación (GPAG), producidas durante la gestación de forma temprana. Otras técnicas novedosas y prometedoras, pero que todavía se encuentran en desarrollo, sonla evaluación de moléculas como el interferón tau (IFNτ), los micro-ARN (miARN) y/o los Factores de Gestación Temprana (FGT).
- PublicationOpen AccessPrevalence of Mycobacterium avium Subsp. paratuberculosis in feral pigeons (Columba livia) associated with difficulties controlling Paratuberculosis in a bovine herd (Fighting Bull Breed)(MDPI, 2022-11-27) Seva Alcaraz, Juan; Sanes, J. Manuel; Mas, Alberto; Ramis, Guillermo; Sánchez, Joaquín; Párraga Ros, Ester; Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica ComparadaA bovine herd with a high prevalence of paratuberculosis (PTB) cohabiting with a population of pigeons was studied (2011–2020). After finding the disease in 2011, annual monitoring was performed in 2012–2014 by obtaining blood samples for ELISA and intradermal tuberculinization (IT) tests for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Positive animals were eliminated. PTB prevalence dropped from 10% to 0% but returned to similar values (9.5%) after 6 years without tests. In all animals, Ac values according to the optical density (OD) determined by ELISA increased each year and could be used to isolate herds close to the cutoff point to improve PTB control. Possible reservoirs were considered after evaluating the little success of the PTB control program, and the population of feral pigeons was studied. Specifically, 10% of the pigeon population (n = 13) was necropsied. Samples of intestine, feces, and foot skin for PCR study for MAP and samples of terminal intestine for histopathological analysis were taken. Eleven pigeons were PCR-positive against MAP, in the intestine (10/11), foot skin (3/11), and feces (1/11). The presence of MAP in pigeon feet could demonstrate its role as a mechanical disseminator of PTB, while the presence in pigeon intestine and feces could also suggest its role as a reservoir.
- PublicationOpen AccessYear-Long Phenotypical Study of Calves Derived From Different Assisted-Reproduction Technologies(Frontiers Media, 2022-01-10) Lopes, Jordana S.; Soriano-Úbeda, Cristina; Navarro-Serna, Sergio; París-Oller, Evelyne; Canha-Gouveia, Analuce; Sarrias-Gil, Lucía; Cerón, José Joaquin; CoY, Pilar; Didáctica y Organización EscolarAssisted reproductive technologies play a major role in thecattle industry. An increasein the use ofin vitro-derived embryos is currently being seen around the globe. But theefficiency and quality of thein vitro-derived embryos are substandard when comparedto thein vivoproduction. Different protocols have been designed to overcome this issue,one of those being the use of reproductive fluids as supplementation to embryo culturemedia. In this study,in vitro-derived calves produced with reproductive fluids added totheir embryo production protocol were followed for the firstyear of life pairwise withtheirin vivocontrol, produced by artificial insemination (AI), and theirin vitrocontrol,produced with standard supplementation in embryo production. The objective was toassess if any differences could be found in terms of growth and development as well ashematological and biochemical analytes between the different systems. All the analysedvariables (physical, hematological, and biochemical) were within physiological range andvery similar between calves throughout the entire experiment. However, differences weremore evident between calves derived from standardin vitroproduction and AI. Weconcluded that the use of reproductive fluids as a supplementation to the embryo culturemedia results in calves with closer growth and development patterns to those born byAI than the use of bovine serum albumin as supplementation.