Browsing by Subject "Calcium"

Now showing 1 - 11 of 11
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    Analysis of the amount of lost fluids, some blood components and mineral salts in volleyball under hot weather conditions
    (Universidad de Murcia, Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Badwi Shbeeb, Huda; Saeed Almousawi, Suhad Qasim; Mousa Jawad, Sundus
    The research objective was to study the amount of lost fluids, some blood components and mineral salts in volleyball players under hot weather conditions. The sample of the present study was composed of 12 volleyball players of Al-Sinaa Club (Baghdad, Iraq) in the 2022/2023 season. The variables analyzed in this study were: Heart rate before and after exercise, internal and external body temperature before and after exertion, potassium ion, sodium ion, calcium ion, and the amount of fluid lost (the player's weight) before and after the exercise. The tests were conducted at a temperature between 42-47 degrees Celsius. The maximum anaerobic exercise was performed with volleyball. The results showed that to play volleyball under hot weather conditions (42-47 degrees Celsius) significantly increased the following variables in volleyball players: heart rate, external body temperature, internal body temperature, sodium ion and calcium ion. However, potassium ion significantly decreased. Therefore, training in hot weather has positive physical repercussions. The authors recommend to train in different weather conditions.
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    Calcium-supplemented University of Wisconsin solution in long-term myocardial preservation
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2008) Álvarez-Ayuso, Álvaro; García Gómez-Heras, Soledad; Roda, Jorge R.; Jorge, Eduardo; Calero, Patricia; Torralba, Amalia; Millán, Isabel; Fernández-García, Héctor; García-Poblete, Eduardo
    The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the addition of calcium to University of Wisconsin solution in long-term myocardial perfusion. In a heterotopic heart transplantation model, performed in pigs, the donor heart was preserved for 24 hours by means of continuous perfusion in this solution, without (24hUW group) or with calcium, 2.4 mmol/L (24hUW+Ca). During this period, the oxygenation and pH of the solution were measured, as were the calcium and lactate concentrations and enzyme release. After two hours of reperfusion, samples were collected from both ventricles for the morphological study. In the control group, there were no signs that reperfusion had triggered the calcium paradox. The addition of this cation to the preservation solution improved the intercellular junction integrity but, at the same time, favored intracellular calcium overload. This is manifested by increased enzyme release during preservation (LDH: 242±95 vs 140±25; CK: 668±371 vs 299±83 (U/L). p<0.01 in both cases) and signs of ventricular contracture: hardness and stiffness were significantly more prominent than in the group without calcium supplementation. Moreover, in comparison with the control group, the structural morphology of 24hUW+Ca is characterized by the more prominent and extensive presence of contraction bands and disorganized actin structure. Thus, under the experimental conditions employed in this study, we consider the addition of calcium to Wisconsin solution to be unadvisable.
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    Comparative study of calcium and calcium-related enzymes with differentiation markers in different ages and muscle types in mdx mice.
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2020) Gaglianone, Rhayanna B.; Bloise, Flavia Fonseca; Carvalho, Tania Maria Ortiga; Santos, Thereza Quirico; Costa, Manoel Luis; Mermelstein, Claudia
    Sarcolemma instability and increased calcium influx in muscle fibers are characteristics of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Excessive calcium activates calcium-dependent enzymes, such as calpains (CAPN) and matrix metalloproteases (MMP). Here, we analyzed calcium deposits, the activity of CAPN and MMP and the expression of Myh, SERCA and myogenic regulatory factors in different skeletal muscles during myonecrosis (4-weeks) and regeneration (12-weeks) phases of the mdx muscular pathology. Alizarin red staining was used to assess calcium deposits, casein and gelatin zymography were performed to evaluate CAPN and MMP activity, and qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of Myh, Capn, Atp2a1 and Atp2a2, Myod1 and Myog. We observed the following characteristics in mdx muscles: (i) calcium deposits almost exclusively in mdx muscles, (ii) lower CAPN1 activity in mdx muscles, (iii) higher CAPN2 activity in mdx muscles (only at 12 wks), (iv) autolyzed CAPN activity exclusively in mdx muscles, (v) lower expression of Capn1 and higher expression of Capn2 in mdx muscles; (vi) lower expression of Atp2a1 and Atp2a2 in mdx muscles, (vii) higher MMP (pre pro MMP2, pro MMP2, MMP2 and MMP9) activity in mdx muscles, (viii) MMP2 activity exclusively in mdx muscles at 12 wks, (ix) MMP9 activity exclusively in mdx muscles, (x) higher expression of Myog in mdx muscles at 12 wks, and (xi) lower expression of Myh (Myh7, Myh2, Myh1, Myh4) in mdx muscles, particularly Myh7 and Myh2. The collection of our results provides valuable information for a better characterization of mdx pathology phenotype
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    Effect of low or high dietary calcium on the morphology of the rat femur
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 2002) chen, H.; Hayakawa, D.; Emura, S.; Ozawa, Y.; Okumura, T.; Shoumura, S.
    The present study compared the effect of a calcium deficit or surfeit on femurs. Young female rats were fed with the normal (1.18%), low (0.05%), or high (2.00%) calcium diet for 3, 7, 15 or 30 days. Two groups received the low calcium diet for the first 15 days and then were followed by the normal (L-N) or high calcium diets (L-H) for the sequential 15 days. The morphology of the femur was studied together with serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin and bone mineral density (BMD). We did not find any significant changes in the serum PTH level and bone morphology in the high calcium group. In the low calcium group, the serum PTH level increased, BMD of the whole body, the femoral weight and the femoral trabecular bone decreased as compared with the normal calcium group. There was a greater proportion of resorbing surface, less resting surface and larger vascular canal openings in the femoral endosteal surfaces in the low calcium group. In the L-N or L-H group, the femoral trabecular bone increased and the femoral resorbing surface decreased as compared with those of the low calcium group. These findings suggest that high calcium intakes do not affect the bone mass, and low calcium intakes have a deleterious effect on bone status, which may be related to vascular alternations of the bone. Reversing the low income calcium intake by a higher calcium diet can partially improve the bone alternations induced by low calcium intake.
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    Electron microscopic study of the parathyroid gland of the calcium-treated hamster subjected to hypergravity environment
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1990) Shizuko Shoumura; Shoichi Emura; Tomo Yamahira; Huayue Chen; Kenjiro Kanbara; Michio Arakawa; Hideo Isono; Noriko Ishizaki
    The ultrastructure of the parathyroid glands of calcium-treated golden hamsters subjected to 5 gravity environment was studied. In the calcium-treated animals exposed to hypergravity environment, the Golgi complexes and cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum were significantly decreased compared with those of the animals exposed to hypergravity environment only and appeared to increase compared with those of the calcium-treated animals, but were almost similar to those of the control animals. In addition, many chief cells contained some prosecretory granules in the Golgi areas, some secretory granules situated close to the plasma membrane and many lysosomes. The morphology of the parathyroid glands in the calcium-treated animals exposed to hypergravity environment resembled that of the control animals. These results suggest that the parathyroid glands suppressed by treatment of calcium and stimulated in response to hypergravity environment may indicate the secretory activity of the parathyroid glands of the control animals.
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    Genetics and pathology of voltage-gated ca2+ channels
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1998) Ophoff, R.A.; Terwindt, G.M.; Ferrari, M.D.; Frants, R.R.
    Neurotransmitter release, neuronal excitation, and a whole variety of other neuronal functions are controlled by the intralextra cellular ca2+ gradient. The major pathway for entry of ca2+ into the excitable cells is mediated by voltage-gated ca2+ channels. Several functional subclasses of voltage-dependent ca2+ channels have been identified, based on their pharmacological, biophysical properties, and molecular cloning. Recently, three human diseases (familial hemiplegic migraine, episodic ataxia type 2, and spinocerebellar ataxia 6) were added to the growing list of ion-channel disorders, all caused by different mutations in the P/Qtype ca2+ channel a1 subunit. Molecular analysis of the ca2+ channelopathies will provide new insights into the role, function and pathology of these voltage-gated ca2+ channels.
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    Influence of soil properties on plant density and species richness of saline desert
    (Universidad de Murcia, 2016) Pilania, Pradeep Kumar; Panchal, Nilesh Sundarjibhai
    Influencia de las propiedades del suelo en la densidad de plantas y la riqueza de especies de desierto salino El ambiente edáfico tiene una significativa influencia en la productividad. La salinidad es uno de los principales factores que afectan negativamente a la vegetación. Se estudió un ecosistema desértico de la India (Pequeño Rann de Kutch; 7020 ha) para medir la influencia de las propiedades del suelo en la vegetación. Tanto la riqueza de especies (SR) como la densidad de hierbas y arbustos/árboles (17.018 plantas m-2 y 8.617 plantas 10 m-2) fueron mayores en el punto 4, con valores altos de OC, OM, N, P, Ca y Fe (0.684, 1.179, 0.059 %, 42.338 kg ha-1, 170.732, 32.016 mg kg-1) y bajos niveles de arcilla, EC y Na (33.654%, 9.441dSm-1 y 68.699 mg kg-1). Valores altos de arcilla, Na y EC con bajo Ca y Fe resultaron en bajas densidades de SR (lugares 2 y 5). Las bajas SR y densidad se deben a bajas concentraciones de OC, OM, N, P, Fe, Ca y alta concentración de arcilla, Na y EC.
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    Persistent mdx diaphragm alterations are accompanied by increased expression and activity of calcium and muscle-specific proteins
    (Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Histiologia, 2021) Gaglianone, Rhayanna B.; Fonseca Bloise, Flavia; Lagrota-Candido, Jussara; Mermelstein, Claudia; Quirico-Santos, Thereza
    The mdx mouse model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) presents sarcolemma instability and develops a mild multi-stage dystrophinopathy characterized by intense myonecrosis with inflammatory infiltrate at 4-weeks; muscular regeneration at 12-weeks and persistent fibrosis onwards. Mdx diaphragm muscle has a more severe phenotype with structural and functional deterioration that closely resembles the diaphragm impairment responsible for DMD human patients' morbidity. Herein, we compared calcium deposits, activity of calciumrelated proteases, and expression of muscle-specific proteins in mdx diaphragm at 4-weeks and 12-weeks. We found increased calcium deposits mainly at 12- weeks, concomitant with high activity of calpains and matrix metalloprotease-9, but decreased expression of Myh4 (Myhc IIb) and Atp2a1 (SERCA1), and high expression of the myogenic regulatory factors Myod1 and Myog. Our results suggest that increased calcium deposits and persistent activity of calcium dependent proteases throughout the disease are involved in the degeneration and regeneration processes in the mdx diaphragm.
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    Platelet function and microvesicle generation in patients with hemophilia A
    (Wiley, 2021-01-19) Melero Amor, Antonia; Romecín, Paola; Iyú Espinosa, David; García Bernal, David; García Navaro, Esther; Moraleda Jiménez, José María; García-Estañ López, Joaquín; García Candel, Faustino; Marín Atucha, Noemí; Fisiología
    Our results do not support any effect of FVIII on platelet function in patients with severe HA treated under the regime of prophylaxis
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    TNF induces pathogenic programmed macrophage necrosis in Tuberculosis through a mitochondrial- lysosomal-endoplasmic reticulum circuit
    (Cell Press, 2019-08-29) Roca Soler, Francisco José; Whitworth, Laura J.; Redmond, Sarah; Jones, Ana A.; Ramakrishnan, Lalita; Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología
    Necrosis of infected macrophages constitutes a critical pathogenetic event in tuberculosis by releasing mycobacteria into the growth-permissive extracellular environment. In zebrafish infected with Mycobacterium marinum or Mycobacterium tuberculosis, excess tumor necrosis factor triggers programmed necrosis of infected macrophages through the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the participation of cyclophilin D, a component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Here, we show that this necrosis pathway is not mitochondrion-intrinsic but results from an inter-organellar circuit initiating and culminating in the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ROS induce production of lysosomal ceramide that ultimately activates the cytosolic protein BAX. BAX promotes calcium flow from the endoplasmic reticulum into the mitochondrion through ryanodine receptors, and the resultant mitochondrial calcium overload triggers cyclophilin-D-mediated necrosis. We identify ryanodine receptors and plasma membrane L-type calcium channels as druggable targets to intercept mitochondrial calcium overload and necrosis of mycobacterium-infected zebrafish and human macrophages.
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    Ultrastructural localization of calcium in neuromuscular junctions of smooth and skeletal muscles after aminoglycoside antibiotics treatment
    (Murcia : F. Hernández, 1994) Nouhnejad, P.; Dehpour, A.R.; Samadian, T.; Amini, Sh.
    Aminoglycoside antibiotics are all capable of producing clinically significant neuromuscular paralysis. Since part of the mechanism of action of these antibiotics at neuromuscular junction is a calciumdependent inhibition of acetylcholine release, so this experiment was carried out in vitro on both somatic (isolated rat phrenic-nerve hemidiaphragm) and autonomic neuro-effector transmission (guinea-pig ileum) using gentamicin and amikacin, to determine the calcium contents at this level. Electron microscopic observations on gentamycinandlor amikacin-treated materials, using potassium pyroantimonate method suggest a reduction of internal calcium in nerve terminals of both preparations.