Browsing by Subject "CCK"

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    In vitro digestion effect on CCK and GLP-1 release and antioxidant capacity of some plant-basedmilk substitutes
    (Wiley, 2022-04-02) Aly, Esmat; Sánchez Moya, Teresa; Darwish, Aliaa A.; Ros Berruezo, Gaspar; López Nicolás, Rubén; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología; Facultad de Veterinaria
    Recently, plant-based milk substitutes, as an emerging industry, are receiving more attention. Despite that, these dairy alternatives have not been adequately studied for their functional properties. Thus, the current research was devoted to study the satiety potential through in vitro secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and the antioxidant capacity of these dairy alternatives after in vitro digestion. The enteroendocrine cell line, STC-1, was used to measure satiety hormones release (CCK and GLP-1) by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Also, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity (using oxygen radical absorbance capacity [ORAC], ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP], and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid [ABTS] assays) were measured before and after in vitro digestion. The results demonstrated that CCK secretion was significantly (p < 0.05) higher for cow's milk (350.64 pg ml–1) as compared to plant-based milk substitutes. Among the plant-based milk substitutes, tiger nut milk showed the highest CCK stimulant (228.96 pg ml–1), followed by hazelnut milk (220.04 pg ml–1). Concerning GLP-1 release, the data exhibited that spelt milk was the food with the highest induction of GLP-1 hormone secretion, followed by cow's milk (910.17 and 876.59 pg ml–1, respectively), but without any significant differences between them. total phenolic content (TPC) values strongly increased after in vitro digestion, cow's milk and soymilk being the samples with the highest TPC values after in vitro digestion (165.76 and 153.71 mg GAE/100 ml, respectively). In line with TPC values, soymilk had the highest ORAC, ABTS, and FRAP values after in vitro digestion (25.41, 8.17, and 2.51 µmol TE/ml, respectively). Thus, these dairy alternatives could be an adequate substitute for cow's milk, according to its satiety and antioxidant capacity.
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    Satiety hormone secretion induced by a carob-based formulation (Csat®) after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation in STC-1 cells
    (Elsevier, 0001-07-26) Benito-Vázquez, Iván; Rosell, María de los Ángeles; Lates-Profir, Natalia; Díez Municio, Marina; Moreno, Francisco Javier; Frontela Saseta, María del Carmen; López Nicolás, Rubén; Tecnología de Alimentos, Nutrición y Bromatología
    Csat® is a carob-derived based product standardized in galactomannans, inositols, and gallic acid, with potential applications in weight management and metabolic health. This study evaluated the effects of Csat® on satietyrelated enteroendocrine signalling after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation. A standardized INFOGEST in vitro digestion model was combined with batch colonic fermentation using human faecal inoculum, and the resulting fractions were tested in STC-1 cells to quantify glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion. Digestive stability of key bioactive compounds was assessed by HPLC-MS. Undigested Csat® did not stimulate hormone secretion, whereas gastric digestion induced the strongest enteroendocrine response, significantly increasing both GLP-1 and CCK release. The intestinal soluble phase maintained a moderate stimulatory effect. During colonic fermentation, galactomannans were extensively degraded, while pinitol remained stable and gallic acid showed variable recovery. Fermentation kinetics revealed active microbial metabolism, with early fermentation associated with the highest endocrine response. GLP-1 and CCK secretion peaked at 4 h fermentation and progressively declined at later stages. Overall, Csat® showed a marked phase-dependent endocrine activity, with gastrointestinal processing and early microbial fermentation generating the most bioactive fractions. These findings support the potential of Csat® to modulate satiety-related pathways through coordinated digestion- and microbiota-derived mechanisms.