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Open Access
Citizen participation and citizen sovereignty in three co-design Initiatives of urban spaces in Madrid: technological vs. Conceptual evolution in non- presential participation
(IGI Global Scientific Publishing, 2025) Alvira Baeza, Ricardo; Departamento de Ciencia Política y de la Administración
In recent years, institutions have adopted a unified message in favour of increasing citizen participation in public decision- making in order to move towards more democratic systems, with particular relevance for urban e- planning. This momentum has led to significant advances in the technologies used for participative initiatives. However, some authors have warned that these initiatives are not always based on a democratic paradigm, showing through scales that participation can imply different levels of citizens’ sovereignty. Moreover, these scales have recently been revised from the perspectives of negotiation and co- design, suggesting that complete citizen self- government may result in less sovereignty than effective co- design between citizens and institutions. This chapter reviews the concepts of citizen participation and sovereignty, and analyses three urban spaces redesign initiatives in Madrid between 1998 and 2023, showing that the evolution of digital tools has not been accompanied by an improvement in the design of the initiatives from the perspective of democracy.