DigitalUM :: Browsing by browse.metadata.contributordepartment "Actividad Física y del Deporte"

Browsing by browse.metadata.contributordepartment "Actividad Física y del Deporte"

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Open Access
A cluster analysis of high-performance female team players’ perceived motivational climate: Implications on perceived motor competence and autonomous behaviour
(2022-12-06) Abraldes, J. Arturo; Conte Marín, Luís; Manzano Sánchez, David; Gómez López, Manuel; Sánchez Alcaraz Martínez, Bernardino J.; Actividad Física y del Deporte
High performance sport for females is an area which is gaining more and more relevance today, but which hasn’t received the same research interest as sport for males. The aim of the present study was to analyse the motivational climate perceived by high performance female athletes and the implications on perceived motor competence and autonomous behaviour and check the differences according category, sport experience and training hours in performance and master climate. The participants were 615 female athletes who practice top level team sports, with ages comprised of 16 to 38 (M = 22,10; SD = 4,91). The sample consisted of two different categories: junior (n = 242) and senior (n = 373). These players participated in different team sports, specifically football, handball, basketball and volleyball, training between 6 and 24 hours a week (M = 8,34; DT = 4,33). The variables measured were: perceived motivational climate in sport, autonomous behaviour and perceived motor competence. A cluster analysis was carried out using, as a variable, the perceived motivational climate, and showing the existence of two profiles, one related to ego and the other to task. The multivariate analysis showed that the profile orientated towards the task had significant differences compared to the autonomous behaviour (M = 4.66 vs M = 3.41). At the same time an analysis was carried out looking at different social demographic variables, revealing how there were differences in the sports experience (those participants with more than ten years’ experience were more orientated towards ego, compared to those with less than ten years’ experience) and the category (junior athletes were more orientated towards the task, compared to senior athletes). It was concluded that a greater orientation towards the task can lead to an improvement in the perception of motor competence, with the youngest and least experienced athletes being the most prominent in this category.
Open Access
A Meta-Analysis of the Reliability of Four Field-Based Trunk Extension Endurance Tests
(MDPI, 2020-04-29) Martínez-Romero, María Teresa; Ayala, Francisco; de Ste Croix, Mark; Vera-García, Francisco J; Sainz de Baranda, Pilar; Santonja-Medina, Fernando; Sánchez-Meca, Julio; Actividad Física y del Deporte
This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the inter- and intra-tester reliability of endurance measures obtained through trunk extension field-based tests and to explore the influence of the moderators on the reliability estimates. The reliability induction rate of trunk extension endurance measures was also calculated. A systematic search was conducted using various databases, and subsequently 28 studies were selected that reported intraclass correlation coeﬃcients for trunk extension endurance measures. Separate meta-analyses were conducted using a random-eﬀects model. When possible, analyses of potential moderator variables were carried out. The inter-tester average reliability of the endurance measure obtained from the Biering-Sorensen test was intraclass correlation coeﬃcient (ICC)= 0.94. The intra-session reliability estimates of the endurance measures recorded using the Biering-Sorensen test, the prone isometric chest raise test, and the prone double straight-leg test were ICC= 0.88, 0.90, and 0.86, respectively. The inter-session average reliability of the endurance measures from the Biering-Sorensen test, the prone isometric chest raise test, and the dynamic extensor endurance test were ICC= 0.88, 0.95, and 0.99, respectively. However, due to the limited evidence available, the reliability estimates of the measures obtained through the prone isometric chest raise, prone double straight-leg, and dynamic extensor endurance tests should be considered with a degree of caution. Position control instruments, tools, and familiarization session demonstrated a statistical association with the inter-session reliability of the Biering-Sorensen test. The reliability induction rate was 72.8%. Only the trunk extension endurance measure obtained through the Biering-Sorensen test presented suﬃcient scientific evidence in terms of reliability to justify its use for research and practical purposes.
Open Access
Accelerometry Profile of Basketball Referees during U'16 Euroasket Women
(2019) Pino Ortega, José; García Santos, David; García Rubio, Javier; Reina, María; Vaquera, Alejandro; Ibañez, Sergio José; Actividad Física y del Deporte
Open Access
Accelerometry-Based External Load Indicators in Sport: Too Many Options, Same Practical Outcome?
(2019) Pino Ortega, José; Gómez Carmona, Carlos D.; Sánchez Ureña, Braulio; Ibañez, Sergio José; Actividad Física y del Deporte
Open Access
Accuracy and Inter-Unit Reliability of Ultra-Wide-Band Tracking System in Indoor Exercise
(2019) Pino Ortega, José; Bastida Castillo, Alejandro; Gómez Carmona, Carlos David; Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto de la; Reche Royo, Xavier; Ibáñez, Sergio José; Actividad Física y del Deporte
Embargo
Acelerometría como método para el estudio de la carga externa en múltiples puntos articulares: aplicación al baloncesto
(2024) Gómez-Carmona, Carlos D.; Ibáñez, Sergio José; Pino-Ortega, José; Actividad Física y del Deporte
Open Access
Acelt and player load: two variables to quantify neuromuscular load
(Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Comunidad Virtual Ciencias del Deporte, 2019) Pino Ortega, José; Reche-Soto, P.; Cardona, D.; Díaz, A.; Gómez-Carmona, Carlos David; Actividad Física y del Deporte
Los objetivos de esta investigación son: (i) describir el comportamiento de las variables Player Load y AcelT y (ii) cuantificar la carga neuromuscular en diferentes puntos anatómicos (espalda, centro de masas, rodilla y tobillo) durante un test incremental en rampa en tapiz rodante. Veintitrés jugadores semiprofesionales de fútbol varones participaron voluntariamente en este estudio (edad: 22,56±4,8 años; masa corporal: 75,5±5,5 kg; altura: 1,79±0,5 m). Ambas variables se registraron empleando 4 dispositivos inerciales WIMUPROTM. Los principales resultados indican que: (1) existe una correlación casi perfecta entre ambas variables (r=0,931), (2) los mayores valores en ambas variables se han encontrado en la rodilla (PL = 8,01±2,76; AcelT = 2,70±0,50) y el tobillo (PL = 7,85±2,27; AcelT = 2,87±0,49) y (3) existe una amplia variabilidad intersujeto. En conclusión, Player Load y AcelT son dos indicadores válidos para el análisis y cuantificación de las demandas neuromusculares.
Open Access
Age-related differences in flexibility in soccer players 8-19 years old
(Peer Community In, 2019-01-29) Cejudo Palomo, Antonio; Robles Palazón, Francisco Javier; Ayala, Francisco; De Ste Croix, Mark; Ortega Toro, Enrique; Santonja Medina, Fernándo; Sainz de Baranda, Pilar; Actividad Física y del Deporte
Background. Muscle flexibility is a main component of health-related fitness and one of the basic components of fitness for the performance in some sports. Sport and health professionals require the flexibility profile of soccer to define quantitative aims in the training of flexibility. The aim of this study was to identify age-related differences in lower extremity flexibility in youth soccer players. Methods. Seventy-two young male soccer players (age: 13.0 ± 3.1 y; body mass: 50.5 ± 15.3 kg; stature 158.2 ± 16.8 cm; BMI: 19.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2) completed this study. Measures of eleven passive hip (hip extension (HE), hip adduction with hip flexed 90º (HAD-HF90º), hip flexion with knee flexed (HF-KF) and extended (HF-KE), hip abduction with hip neutral (HAB) and hip flexed 90º (HAB-HF90º), hip external (HER) and internal (HIR) rotation), knee (knee flexion (KF)) and ankle dorsiflexion (ankle dorsiflexion with knee flexed (ADF-KF) and extended (ADF-KE)) ranges of motion (ROM) were taken. Descriptive statistics were calculated for hip, knee and ankle ROM measured separately by leg (dominant and non-dominant) and age-group (U10, U12, U14, U16 and U19). The data was analysed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the interaction of 11 ROM in the different players' age-group. Results. Generally, U10 and/or U12 soccer players obtain the highest mean value in almost all ROM evaluated (U10: HAD-HF [39.6º ± 4.3º], ADF-KE [32.3º ± 4.1º], HER [63.5º ± 5.6º] and HAB-HF90º [64.1º ± 7.5º); U12: HE [17.7º ± 6.2º], HAB [35.6º ± 3.0º], HIR [60.8º ± 4.7º] and KF [133.8º ± 7.1º]). Nonetheless, significant differences between the players' age-groups are just found in HAD-HF90º (p = .042; ES = .136), HAB (p = .001; ES = .252), HIR (p = .001; ES = .251), HER (p < .001; ES = .321) and HAB-HF90º (p < .001; ES = .376) ROM, showing a progressive and irregular decrease in these ROM until the U19 team. Conclusion. The findings of this study reinforce the necessity of prescribing exercises aimed at improving HAD-HF90º ROM in U16, HAB ROM in U14, HIR ROM in U16 and U19, HER ROM in U12 and U19, and HAB-HF90º ROM in U16 and U19 players within everyday soccer training routines.
Open Access
Análisis del distinto tratamiento autonómico que se da al deporte escolar
(Consejería de Educación y Cultura, 2002) Martínez Moreno, Alfonso; Sánchez Roca, Catalina; Actividad Física y del Deporte
El actual estado de las autonomías hace inevitable analizar como tratan cada una de ellas, desde sus diferentes leyes, el deporte en edad escolar y así poder comprender como dichas instituciones lo planifican, lo desarrollan y en definitiva lo entienden. Pudiendo apreciar la importancia, o no, que cada una le concede a este apartado. Pudiendo estimar cuales van a ser los tratamientos del mismo en la realidad, no olvidemos que “el papel lo aguanta todo”. Las posibilidades van desde la dedicación de un capitulo hasta el más absoluto olvido.
Open Access
Analysis of the prediction of motivational climate in handball players’ fear of failure
(2019-01-26) Gómez López, Manuel; Ruiz Sánchez, Victoria; Granero Gallegos, Antonio; Actividad Física y del Deporte
Sports can at times become a negative socializing agent for athletes. The objectives here were to analyse the relationship between motivational climates (involving coaches and peers) and fear of failure in players according to gender and sports experience, and also to control for the extent to which these motivational climates predict the different aversive causes of fear of failure. To this aim, a non-experimental, descriptive, and sectional design was used in which participants answered the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire, the Peer Motivational Climate in Youth Sports Questionnaire, and the Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory. The sample included 479 handball players aged 16–17 years old (mean = 16.60; standard deviation = 0.50) who were playing in Spanish regional youth category handball teams. The results revealed that the task-involving training climate predominates in both genders over the ego-involving training climate, particularly in girls and in less experienced players. The peer ego-involving climate also predominates with respect to the peer task-involving climate in both genders, but this is particularly so for boys and in more experienced players. Furthermore, except for fear of feeling shame, which was predicted by the peer ego-involving climate, all the aversive causes of fear of failure are predicted mainly by the coach climate. The immediate environment was proved to be determinant in avoidance behaviours and fear of failure.
Open Access
Analysis of the Satisfaction Level and Game Preferences at Initial Categories in Volleyball and Beach Volleyball Players
(Universidad de Extremadura, 2022-02-28) García de Alcaraz, Antonio; Hernández Hernández, Elena; Ortega Toro, Enrique; Palao, José M.; Actividad Física y del Deporte
Many strategies are used to introduce athletes in sport. The aim of this study was to analyse the satisfaction level and game preferences of volleyball and beach volleyball players at initial categories, regarding: (a) the execution and performance of the game actions, and (b) carrying out training tasks according to their structure and number of players. Methods: A total of 752 questionnaires were analyzed from the players who participated in Spanish tournaments of volleyball (n=492) and beach volleyball (n=260) in 2015. The variables were the satisfaction level in the execution of game actions (serve, reception, set, attack, block and dig) and training tasks, measured in a scale of 0-10 points. The age categories were: U14, U16, U19, and U21. The Mann-Whitney’s U test (p<.05) was used to determine the differences between categories. Results: A preference for attack actions in the first stages of both volleyball and beach volleyball, especially in the male category was found. Similarly, a greater satisfaction level was observed in the competition-like training tasks. Conclusions: This information allows developing teaching proposals for initial stages in volleyball and beach volleyball, attending to the preferences of the athletes according to their age category. ---------------------------------
Open Access
Applying the new teaching methodologies in youth football players: toward a healthier sport
(Frontiers Media, 2019-02-13) García-Angulo, Antonio; García-Angulo, Francisco Javier; Torres-Luque, Gema; Ortega-Toro, Enrique; Actividad Física y del Deporte
At early ages (6–12 years), the levels of physical activity developed in sports initiation and Physical Education often fall short of optimal levels. Ecological models of education seek, among other things, to make up for this deficit by modifying the structural elements of sport, bringing play closer to the child’s developmental characteristics. In this sense, Nonlinear Pedagogy is a model of active pedagogy that seeks the integral development of young players through a sport more in line with their abilities, and that for this is based on a system of constraints on the environment, the task and the player himself. However, there are no studies that analyze the effects of these methodologies on the parameters of physical activity at such an early age. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of a learning methodology based on Nonlinear Pedagogy on health-related levels of physical activity (heart rate) in young football players (U-11). A quasi-experimental study was developed in which three tasks were applied using structural modifications of the football elements related to Nonlinear Pedagogy (modification of the number of players related to situations of inferiority, equality and numerical superiority; dimensions of the field of play). The sample studied was composed of football players, U-11 n = 32), age: 10.35 0.54 years; years of experience: 2.14 0.768 years. The players carried out each task for 10 min. Physical activity levels were measured by controlling heart rate using heart rate monitors (Polar Team2). The results showed very high levels of vigorous and very vigorous physical activity in all the tasks designed. These data show that the use of these new teaching methodologies has an impact on levels of physical activity in accordance with the recommended parameters.
Open Access
Back pain and knowledge on back care related to physical activity in 12 to 17 years old adolescents
(MDPI, 2019-09-25) Aparicio Sarmiento, Alba; Rodríguez Ferrán, Olga; Martínez Romero, María Teresa; Cejudo, Antonio; Santonja, Fernando; Sainz de Baranda, Pilar; Actividad Física y del Deporte
Knowledge on back care is important to prevent back problems. The purpose of this study was to a) describe back pain and knowledge on back care related to physical activity in adolescents and b) determine the association between these two factors. This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 276 students (aged from 12 to 17 years old), from three Spanish public secondary schools, had to complete a survey about back pain and another one about their knowledge on back care related to physical activity. The results showed a mean score of 2.54 ±1.85 (out of 10), and 90.58% of students failed the knowledge test. Those who suﬀered from back pain in the week before scored higher (2.91 ±1.66) than non-suﬀerers (2.42 ±1.90), with statistically significant diﬀerences (Z=−2.109; p= 0.035; r= 0.127), although with no academically relevant diﬀerences. Finally, despite the relationship between a higher mean score in the knowledge test and back pain within the previous week, it has been found that there was not a significant association because most of the students got very low scores in the knowledge test. It also shows an important lack of knowledge about physical activity for back care in adolescents.
Open Access
Circadian rhythm effects on muscle strength and power: a review.
(2015-06-16) Hernández Ruiz, Álvaro; Actividad Física y del Deporte
Different physiological and psychological functions which are subject to change in relation to the 24-hour solar cycle. These variations are known as circadian rhythms and produce maximum peaks (acrophase) and minimum (batiphase) on motor function depending on the time-of-day. It is shown that many components related to athletic performance possess these circadian rhythms, so that, the aim of this review is to update the knowledge of how the circadian rhythm affects on muscle strength and power in short duration exercises. A review of the literature revealed 20 items neuromuscular performance measured at different times of the day. In order to compare the effects that different times-of-day have had on neuromuscular performance it has been calculated descriptive statistics of the percent change and the size of the effect on the dependent variable studied, which have been reflected in a results table. Generally speaking, the main conclusions of this review have been that, i) neuromuscular performance in exercises of short duration is maximized evening hours regarding morning; ii) not all types of exercise (isometric, isokinetic and isoinertial) and all the muscle groups are more neuromuscular performance at the same time of day; iii) the increase in body temperature (both active heating as passive heating) and / or intake of certain ergogenic aids can offset the impact of circadian rhythms on sports performance in A.M.; iv) the circadian rhythm on neuromuscular performance in women does not seem so obvious; v) the circadian rhythm in blind neuromuscular performance is free running.
Open Access
Classification System of the Sagittal Integral Morphotype in Children from the Region of Murcia (Spain): ISQUIOS Programme
(MDPI, 2020-04-04) Santonja Medina, Fernando; Collazo Diéguez, Mónica; Martínez Romero, María Teresa; Rodríguez Ferrán, Olga; Aparicio Sarmiento, Alba; Cejudo, Antonio; Andújar, Pilar; Sainz de Baranda, Pilar; Actividad Física y del Deporte
The sagittal spinal morphology presents 4 physiological curvatures that increase endurance to axial compression forces and allow adequate postural balance. These curves must remain within normal ranges to achieve a static and dynamic balance, a correct functioning of the muscles and an adequate distribution of the loads, and thus minimize the injury risk. The purpose of this study was to categorize the sagittal spinal alignment according to the different morphotypes obtained for each curve in standing, slump sitting, and trunk forward bending positions in schoolchildren. It was a cross-sectional study. Sagittal spinal curvatures were assessed in 731 students from 16 elementary schools. In the sagittal standing position assessment, 70.45% and 89.06% of schoolchildren presented a “normal” morphotype for both dorsal and lumbar curves, respectively. After the application of the “Sagittal Integral Morphotype” protocol according to the morphotypes obtained in the three positions assessment (standing, slump sitting, and trunk forward bending), it was observed how the frequency of normal morphotypes for the dorsal and lumbar curve decreased considerably (only 32% and 6.6% of children obtained a “normal sagittal integral morphotype” for the thoracic and lumbar curvatures, respectively). These results show how it is necessary to include the slump sitting and trunk forward bending assessment as part of the protocol to define the “integral” sagittal alignment of the spine and establish a correct diagnosis. The use of the diagnostic classification presented in this study will allow early detection of misalignment not identified with the assessment of standing position.
Open Access
Comparación metodología tradicional y comprensiva en la práctica del baloncesto
(2013) Conte Marín, Luis; Moreno Murcia, Juan Antonio; Actividad Física y del Deporte
Open Access
Comparing accuracy between global positioningsy stems and ultra-wideband-based position tracking systems used for tactical analyses in soccer
(Willey, 2025-01-21) Bastida-Castillo, Alejandro; Gómez-Carmona, Carlos D.; De La Cruz Sánchez, Ernesto; Pino-Ortega, José; Actividad Física y del Deporte
Current studies have reported high accuracy in global positioning system (GPS) and recently developed ultra-wideband (UWB)-based tracking systems for monitoring time – motion patterns. The accuracy and reliability of both systems may be different in tactical analysis application, an aspect that has never been studied previously. The aims of the present study were: (i) to determine and compare the accuracy of GPS and UWB technologies in soccer players’ positions (ii) to compare the tactical application of both systems. Following institutional ethical approval and familiarisation, 14 welltrained soccer players performed tests around five courses: (a) field perimeter, (b) halfway line, (c) centre circle, (d) perimeter of the penalty area, and (e) semicircle penalty area. Also, a small-sided game was played monitored with WIMUPRO™ to determine real and practical differences in accuracy of both systems in tactical analysis. For the GPS, the mean absolute error (N= 9445) of “x” and “y” coordinates was 41.23 ± 17.31 cm and 47.6 ± 8.97 cm, respectively. For UWB, it was 9.57 ± 2.66 cm and 7.15 ± 2.62 cm. The results of the “x” and “y” accuracy comparison were significantly lower in all cases (p < 0.05) with an ES of 0.78 and 0.95, respectively. In a real practical application, the differences of both systems reached 8.31% in typical tactical variables (ES = 0.11). In contrast to GPS-10Hz, UWB WIMUPRO™-20 Hz has been demonstrated to be an acceptable technology to estimate the position of players on the pitch with high accuracy and be a useful, automatic, and portable instrument for tactical analysis measurement.
Open Access
Comparison between the trajectory and movement velocity of shoulders vs. hip during vertical jumps
(2017-09-21) Jiménez Ruiz, Abel; Actividad Física y del Deporte
The vertical velocity at takeoff has been extensively used for estimating the height achieved during vertical jumps. Although this criterion has been applied when exercising on a force or a contact platform, recent works have calculated the height of the jump by measuring the displacement using a velocity transducer attached to the bar positioned at the shoulders' level
Open Access
Comparison between the trajectory and movement velocity of shoulders vs. hip in squat
(2017-09-21) Jiménez Ruiz, Abel; Actividad Física y del Deporte
Open Access
Conceptualización del tiempo libre, ocio y recreación en la sociedad actual
(2011-07-10) García Pallarés, Jesús; Actividad Física y del Deporte