El impacto de la ganadería y la agricultura en los ecosistemas terrestres.-Tipos de suelo y factores limitantes en la producción agropecuaria en el distrito San Fernando, Tamaulipas, México

Abstract

ABSTRACT The limiting factors in agricultural production, defined as those properties and characteristics of the geographical environment that influence the development of crops, can be diverse and are grouped with the physical environment of soil. They are the result of soil characterictics and soil degradation processes by anthropogenic influence. Due to the above, the objective of this study was to identify and surveying the limitatives factors to agricultural production, as well as to define its ability land use capacity in San Fernando district, Tamaulipas. The area is 486,522 ha and it is located between parallels 24º 15' and 25° 09' N and meridians 98° 18' and 98° 30' W. In 2008 it was carried out the mapping and data processing with the Geographic Information System (GIS) ArcView 3.2 using the multispectral SPOT satellite image of year 2003, scale 1:50,000. We used the methodology of the survey approach to landscape and physiographic classification system developed by the USDA. The results show that 71,3% of the evaluated area (346.890 ha) is a Type II soils suitable for agriculture to livestock farms moderate (one crop per year), secondly there are the Type III soils accounting for 23,2% (112,873 ha), soils that are suitable for livestock farms restricted to agriculture and finally Type IV soils occupy 5,5% of total (26,759 ha) soils that are unsuitable for agriculture. Regarding the limiting factors which occupies more important is the erosion in its various forms such as water and wind at 45,5% (221,367 ha), followed by the climatic factor with deficient soil moisture in 44,25% (215,286 ha) and smaller proportion are the effective depth with 19,357 ha, excess of soil moisture (flooding), with 10,300 ha, undulating topography with 12,358 ha and salinity by drainage deficiency with 7,854 ha of the total. In conclusion, the most limiting factors affecting more surface in the study area include: wind and water erosion and climate factor with deficient moisture.