El impacto de la ganadería y la agricultura en los ecosistemas terrestres.-Efectos de los residuos avícolas sobre los organismos del suelo

Abstract

ABSTRACT A study has been made to value the effects produced on the organisms of the ground (plants, invertebrates and microorganisms), after the application of two types of poultry manure (bed wood shaving or straw) on an agricultural ground. The used doses respond to agronomics and nonenvironmental considerations. The test was made using a terrestrial microcosm, Multi-Species Soil System (MS • 3) developed in the Environment department of the INIA, tool that allows in a single test to value, of joint form, the effects of organic remainders on representative organisms of the ground. With respect to the effects on plants it was appraised that there were no differences in the germination for no of the three species of plants considered in the study, the biomass was increased in the wheat coming from grounds dealt with both poultry manures, Brasica rapa was not affected and to Vicia sativa to only straw affected poultry manure him. As far as the length, only Vicia sativa was reduced when straw was exposed to poultry manure. When one studied the effects on invertebrates (mortality of worms), one was verified disappeared of worms throughout the test (fled from the column) in the ground control (13.7%) in greater percentage than in the ground with wood shavings poultry manure (6.7%), in the ground with straw poultry manure did not take place any escape. The biomass was affected and at the end of the test it was observed that whereas the worms of the ground control lost until a 48%, those that were in ground with wood shavings poultry manure or straw poultry manure they did it in 41 and a 22% respectively. This is surely due to a contribution of organic matter, because the content of organic matter in the ground control is very low. Finally, the effects on microorganisms showed that the enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) and the rate of breathing was increased in the beginning of the test, being the statistically significant differences to forehead the values of the group control, throughout the test all these parameters were decreasing (except DH activities) but always they stayed higher than the ground control; reason why it is possible to be deduced that the contribution of poultry manure supposed an improvement for the conditions of fertilization and improvement of the ground