Relaciones entre sexismo e ideología de género con autoconcepto y autoestima en personas con LM

Abstract

El proceso de adaptación a una discapacidad física sobrevenida es complejo y multidimensional. En él influyen muchas variables que pue- den condicionar un adecuado ajuste vital y conseguir bienestar psicológico. Este estudio aborda los efectos específicos del sexismo y los estereotipos de género en la autoestima y autoconcepto de las personas con lesión me- dular (LM). El diseño es transversal y correlacional. La muestra está cons- tituida por 127 personas con lesión medular de larga evolución, 95 varones y 32 mujeres. Los resultados de los MANOVAS no muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función del género en las siguientes varia- bles: Autoestima, Autoconcepto, Sexismo Tradicional y Neosexismo. Las relaciones entre variables sugieren que existen relaciones negativas entre neosexismo, autoestima y autoconcepto emocional y familiar en varones con LM, pero no en mujeres con LM. La discusión plantea el relevante pa- pel que pueden tener los programas de intervención que fomenten la igual- dad de género para disminuir el sexismo.

Adjustment to an unexpected physical disability is usually com- plex and multidimensional. Many variables may affect this adjustment, a process that would facilitate or limit adequate vital adjustment and psycho- logical well-being. This research dealt with the specific effects that sexism and gender stereotypes have on the self-concept and self-esteem of people with spinal injuries. The research was a cross-sectional survey. The sample consisted of 127 people with long tern spinal injuries, 95 of them were men and 32 were women. MANOVAs were calculated to test for gender differ- ences on self-esteem, self-concept, traditional sexism and neosexism. No significant differences were found. Additionally sexism measures were cor- related to self-esteem and self-concept for both men and women. Results have shown that men with highest levels of neosexism had lower levels of emotional and family self-concept. That result did not hold for women, suggesting a buffer of gender on sexism and self-concept relationships. Discussion suggests the relevant role that intervention programs may play to improve gender equality in order to reduce sexism