Capacidad de autocuidado de los pacientes en diálisis peritoneal: un estudio piloto en Bogotá

Abstract

Objetivo: Medir la capacidad de autocuidado y su relación con las características sociodemográficas y clínicas en un grupo de pacientes del programa de diálisis peritoneal de acuerdo con su capacidad de autocuidado. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo prospectivo de corte transversal. Se aplicaron tres instrumentos de recolección de datos: formulario de características sociodemográficas y clínicas, test de Morisky-Green y la escala Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASA) a 87 pacientes, hombres y mujeres, mayores de 18 años en tratamiento de diálisis peritoneal, con un mes o más de permanencia en el programa. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo que incluyó frecuencias absolutas y relativas, medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión para: el test de Morisky-Green, las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, Se hizo análisis de correspondencias múltiples, tomando como variable ilustrativa la capacidad de autocuidado, y como activas: las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Resultados: El 60% de los sujetos reportaron suficiente capacidad de autocuidado y el 40% deficiente capacidad de autocuidado, además se determinaron las actividades de cuidado de sí mismo, que los sujetos de estudio realizan con mayor frecuencia.

ABSTRACT Objective: To measure the self-care capability and its relation with the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics in a group of patients from the peritoneal dialysis program according to their self-care capability. Methodology: A prospective, descriptive study of a cross-sectional nature was done. Three data recollection instruments were applied: A socio-demographic and clinical characteristics form, the Morisky-Green test and the Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASA) were used with 87 patients, male and female alike. They were all over 18 years old and they were going through a peritoneal dialysis treatment having been over a month in the program. A descriptive analysis was done which included absolute and relative frequencies, central tendency and dispersion measures for the Morisky-Green test and for the socio-demographic and clinical tendencies. A multiple correspondence analysis was also done, using as the illustrative variable the self-care capability and as the control differences the following: The socio-demographic and clinical variables. Results: 60% of subjects reported sufficient self-care capability and the remaining 40% reported an insufficient self-care capability. In addition, the self-care activities that the subjects perform the most were defined.