Quantitation and histochemical localization of galectin-1 and galectin-1 -reactive glycoconjugates in fetal development of bovine organs

Abstract

The display of cellular oligosaccharide chains is known to undergo marked developmental changes, as monitored histochemically with plant lectins. In conjunction with endogenous lectins respective ligand structures may have a functional role during fetal development. The assumption of a recognitive, functionally productive interplay prompts the study of the expression of a tissue lectin and of lectin-reactive glycoconjugates concomitantiy. Focusing on comrnon Bgalactosides as constituents of oligosaccharide chains and the predominant member of the farnily of galectins in marnrnals, namely galectin-1, the question therefore is addressed as to whether expression of lectin and lectinreactive glycoconjugates exhibits alterations, assessed in three morphologically defined fetal stages and in adult bovine organs. Using a sandwich ELISA, the leve1 of the rather ubiquitous galectin-1 is mostly increased in adult organs relative to respective fetal stages, except for the case of kidney. This developmental course is seen rather seldom, when the amounts of lectin-reactive glycoproteins or glycolipids are quantitated in solid-phase assays after tissue homogenization. Western blotting, combined with probing by labeled galectin-1, discloses primarily quantitative changes in the reactivity of individual glycoproteins. Perforrning the same assays on extract aliquots with a plant agglutinin, namely the galactoside-binding mistletoe lectin, whose fine specificity is different @m galectin-1, its reduced extent of binding in solid-phase assays and the disparate profile of lectin-reactive glycoproteins reveal a non-uniform developmental alteration within the group of stmctural variants of B-galactosides. Although sample preparation can affect ligand preservation andlor presentation and thus restricts the comparability of biochemical and histochemical results, especially for soluble reactants, the histochemical studies on frozen and paraffinembedded sections of bovine heart, kidney and liver demonstrate that the localization of the galectin and of lectin-reactive epitopes can show a sirnilar distribution, as seen in liver and heart, with organ-typical quantitative changes of a rather similar staining profile (heart, kidney) or notable changes in the spatial distribution (liver) in the course of development. This report emphasizes the potential value of combined monitoring of the lectin and its potential in vivo ligands to contribute to eventually unravel organ-related function(s) of a tissue lectin.