Universal properties of Fermi gases in arbitrary dimensions

Abstract

We consider spin-1/2 Fermi gases in arbitrary, integer, or noninteger spatial dimensions, interacting via a Dirac 𝛿 potential. We first generalize the method of Tan's distributions and implement short-range boundary conditions to arbitrary dimension and we obtain a set of universal relations for the Fermi gas. Three-dimensional scattering under very general conditions of transversal confinement is described by an effectively reduced-dimensional scattering length, which we show depends on the three-dimensional scattering length in a universal way. Our formula for noninteger dimensions interpolates between the known results in integer dimensions 1, 2, and 3. Without any need to solve the associated multichannel scattering problem, we find that confinement-induced resonances occur in all dimensions different from 𝐷=2, while reduced-dimensional contacts, related to the tails of the momentum distributions, are connected to the three-dimensional contact by a correction factor of purely geometric origin.