Evolution of attack efficacy and execution in women's volleyball according to age group and level of competition

Abstract

The aim was to determine the evolution of the attack regarding the way of execution and efficacy level according to the age group and level of competition in female volleyball. The sample was composed of 48 matches in U14, U16, U18, senior 2nd national division, senior 1st national division, and senior international level. The studied variables were the age group and level of competition, game phase, attack technique, attack zone, attack destination, attack tempo, and attack efficacy. At higher levels of competition: a) the number of quick spikes increases, b) the efficacy of the high-ball spike in the side-out phase increases, c) there is a higher number of attacks from back-row players, and d) the efficacy of front-row spikes in the side-out phase increases.