Programas de higiene postural desarrollados con escolares

Abstract

En este trabajo, se revisan los programas educativos sobre higiene postural desarrollados en el ámbito escolar, sus características básicas, así´ como los resultados principales de la intervención. Se analizan 8 estudios de ámbito internacional desarrollados entre 1984 y 2007. El número de sesiones que constituyen los programas oscilan entre una y once, y la duración media es de 60 min. Las sesiones se estructuran en su mayoría de 3 partes: presentación de la información, demostración práctica y repetición. El contenido de la mayor parte de estos programas se centra en la recogida y el transporte de objetos, aunque encontramos trabajos que incluyen también otras conductas de riesgo para la espalda, como sentarse para comer o estudiar, o el uso adecuado de la mochila para el transporte del material escolar. Aunque el periodo de seguimiento varía para cada trabajo, la mayor parte de los estudios ponen de manifiesto la efectividad de las intervenciones educativas mediante el incremento de los conocimientos de los escolares sobre higiene postural, así como del perfeccionamiento de la ejecución de tareas. Además, algunos estudios demuestran que los escolares son capaces de retener estas conductas hasta 2 años después de la intervención.

In this article, educational programmes about postural hygiene developed with schoolchildren, their main characteristics and the results of their intervention are reviewed. Eight international issues published between 1984 and 2007 are analyzed. The number of sessions of these programmes varies from one to eleven, and late about 60 min. In most cases, each session has three periods: showing the information, practical demonstration and repetition. The content of these programmes is focused on moving and lifting objects, but we find others studies that also include others skills with risk for back, like sitting to eat, or the suitable using of backpack to carry school material. Although the period of monitoring is different in each study, schoolchildren show an increasing of knowledge about postural hygiene and an improvement of skills performing, which shows that these programmes are effective. Some studies also show that schoolchildren are able to remember these behaviours even two years after the intervention.

In this article, educational programmes about postural hygiene developed with schoolchildren, their main characteristics and the results of their intervention are reviewed. Eight international issues published between 1984 and 2007 are analyzed. The number of sessions of these programmes varies from one to eleven, and late about 60 min. In most cases, each session has three periods: showing the information, practical demonstration and repetition. The content of these programmes is focused on moving and lifting objects, but we find others studies that also include others skills with risk for back, like sitting to eat, or the suitable using of backpack to carry school material. Although the period of monitoring is different in each study, schoolchildren show an increasing of knowledge about postural hygiene and an improvement of skills performing, which shows that these programmes are effective. Some studies also show that schoolchildren are able to remember these behaviours even two years after the intervention.