Immunohistological score of transcription factor 21 had a positive correlation with its urinary excretion and proteinuria in immunoglobulin a nephropathy

Abstract

Transcription factor 21 (TCF21) contributes to mammalian nephrogenesis, and especially to glomerular maturation. Our previous study suggested its influence on glomerular injury, showing that TCF21 expression in podocytes had a positive correlation with the urinary protein value and also with the urinary TCF21 concentration. We now focus on its influence on the clinical course of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), as patients with IgAN constitute the largest population of individuals with primary chronic glomerulonephritis in the world. Twenty cases of IgAN were divided into two groups according to the immunohistological score (IHS) of glomerular TCF21 expression: group IHS1 (n=7) and group IHS2+3 (n=13). Sixteen of the 20 cases were followed up for 2 years. Group IHS2+3 had heavier urinary protein (p=0.03) and a greater urinary TCF21 level (p<0.001) compared to group IHS1 at baseline. None of the other factors including hematuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), or the Oxford classification showed a statistically significant difference between these two groups. At the 2-year follow-up, even though the rate of remission in urinary protein, hematuria and the eGFR decline were not statistically correlated to IHS, the IHS2+3 group had a slight tendency toward a steeper eGFR decline compared to IHS1 (p=0.31). The present study suggested that the higher IHS of TCF21 corresponded to heavier proteinuria and a higher urinary TCF21 level in IgAN. This could be the first step in determining the TCF21 value for predicting the prognosis for IgAN.