El postfascismo de Vox: un populismo atenuado e invertido.

Abstract

Este artículo se pregunta por el contenido del discurso de Vox, para ver si es más bien post-fascista o neo-fascista, y por su forma, para conocer si piensa el orden como un espacio conflictivo o más bien unificado. La hipótesis que se presenta sostiene que Vox es un partido post-fascista, es decir, post-franquista, pues no se propone restaurar la dictadura nacional-católica sino realizar parte de sus valores en un marco formalmente democrático. En términos de forma, Vox sería un populismo atenuado, pues su tradicionalismo lo lleva a hablar en nombre de “España” o “los españoles” en lugar del “pueblo”, e invertido, en tanto plantea un antagonismo entre una “España/los españoles” identificados con la Nación y la Constitución de 1978 y opuestos a unas minorías (feminismo, secesionismo, multiculturalismo, “rojos”) que atacan y buscan destruir a España y su orden constitucional. Para desarrollar este trabajo revisamos la bibliografía más reciente sobre Vox y ponemos en marcha un análisis del discurso de Vox que toma como corpus analítico diversos mítines del partido, así como entrevistas y libros publicados por sus dirigentes.

This paper studies the discourse of Vox at the level of content as well as the level of form. The analysis of content is carried out with the aim of clarifying whether it is a post-fascist discourse or rather a neo-fascist discourse. The question of form is examined in order to clarify whether Vox thinks the political order as a conflictive space or as a unified space. In terms of content, the tesis we propose in this paper is that Vox is a post-fascist or, more precisely, postFrancoist party, insofar as it does not propose to restore the nacional-Catholic dictatorship, but rather to recover a part of its values within a formally democratic framework. In terms of form, the main idea we hold in this work states that Vox represents an attenuated populism, since its traditionalism leads it to speak in the name of “Spain” or “the Spaniards”, systematically fleeing from the word “people”. We also point out that Vox expresses a sort of “inverted populism”, to the extent that it raises an antagonism between, on the one hand, “Spain” and “the Spaniards” identified with the Nation and with the 1978 Constitution, and, on the other hand, a set of minority groups (feminism, independentism, leftism, multiculturalism) that would attact Spain and seek to destroy its constitutional order. To develop this work we review the most recent bibliography published on Vox and we launch a discoursive analysis that takes as analytical corpus various rallys of the party, as well as interviews and books published by its leaders.