Distinct presence of the tight junction protein claudin-3 in olfactory bulb and fila olfactoria of the mouse

Abstract

The tight junction protein claudin-3 is overexpressed in diverse epithelial tumours and is associated with increased survival, progression and motility of tumour cells. Claudin-3 expression profiles are being increasingly used for diagnostic and prognostic tumour classification. Claudin-3 has been identified as a receptor for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, which is under consideration for selective lysis of claudin-3- expressing tumours, particularly brain metastases, and other translational medicine uses. However, the localization of claudin-3 in the brain has not been completely elucidated. While claudin-3 in brain tissue adjacent to claudin-3-expressing metastases had been excluded and low or undetectable levels proposed in the CNS, under physiological conditions, in adult human, rat and mouse brains, claudin-3 was exclusively found in choroid plexus epithelium where it is considered an integral component of the blood-cerebrospinal-fluid barrier. We report here the pronounced presence of claudin-3 not only in the nasal region (as described for rat), but also in the mouse olfactory bulb and nerve using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Claudin-3 was present in the fila olfactoria from the epithelium to the olfactory nerve and in the main and accessory olfactory bulb. We propose that the abundant presence of claudin3 in the olfactory system, particularly in nerve fibres and the olfactory bulb cone, which we present here, may play a role at the interface of the central and peripheral nervous system, both as barrier and for axonal growth and communication. Thus, claudin-3 should be considered and further explored with regards to treatment approaches addressing the olfactory bulb and nasal region.