Publication: Trastornos respiratorios del sueño en niños y adolescentes : estudio de prevalencia y relación de factores asociados en una población con y sin tratamiento de ortodoncia. Basado en un cuestionario de sueño pediátrico
Authors
Pérez Pardo, Ana
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Escuelas::Escuela Internacional de Doctorado
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Germán Cecilia, María Concepción
Publisher
Universidad de Murca
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/contributionToPeriodical
Description
Abstract
Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de los trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS) en una población pediátrica y adolescente, con y sin ortodoncia, usando un cuestionario de sueño pediátrico. Analizar los factores de riesgo y las comorbilidades asociadas a los TRS en la población estudiada.
Materiales y métodos: Un total de 238 pacientes, entre 5 y 15 años, distribuidos en dos grupos (con y sin ortodoncia) rellenaron un cuestionario de sueño pediátrico (PSQ) para evaluar el riesgo de TRS. Adicionalmente, se evaluaron: los factores de riesgo, las comorbilidades, las maloclusiones dentales y el Índice de Mallampati, a través de un cuestionario de salud general y una ficha técnica de ortodoncia, según el riesgo de TRS en cada individuo. Todos los datos fueron extraídos y codificados en una hoja de Excel, para la realización del análisis estadístico mediante el uso de la razón de prevalencia, el test de la Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, junto al test de la V de Cramer y el test de Fisher.
Resultados: La prevalencia de riesgo de TRS en la población general fue del 12,19%. Analizada independientemente por grupos, los pacientes con ortodoncia mostraron una prevalencia del 15,97%, significativamente mayor a la población pediátrica sin ella (8,40%). Entre los factores de riesgo: la edad, los ronquidos habituales, la lactancia materna, la obesidad, el asma, la alergia y las alteraciones respiratorias mostraron diferencias significativas respecto al riesgo de TRS (p<0.05). Entre las comorbilidades: la somnolencia diurna excesiva, las alteraciones neurocognitivas, y la enuresis nocturna fueron determinantes en la asociación con el riesgo de TRS (p<0.05).
Respecto a las maloclusiones dentales: alteraciones en el tercio facial, la clase II/III de Angle, la mordida cruzada posterior y la macroglosia mostraron evidencias significativas también con el riesgo de TRS (p<0.05). Por último, el Índice de Mallampati en grado III y IV fue asociado significativamente ((p<0.05) con el riesgo de TRS.
Conclusiones: La prevalencia obtenida demuestra la relevancia del riesgo de TRS en la sociedad pediátrica, siendo los portadores de ortodoncia una población diana. La mayoría de los factores de riesgo y asociación estudiados se relacionan con el riesgo alto de TRS. Por este motivo, los ortodoncistas deberían valorar la agregación del PSQ en su práctica clínica para colaborar en la detección temprana de los TRS.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in a paediatric and adolescent population with and without orthodontic treatment, using a paediatric sleep questionnaire. To understand and analyse the risk factors and comorbidities associated with SDB in the study population. Materials and methods: In a total of 238 patients aged between 5 and 15 years old were divided in two groups (with and without orthodontic treatment) and a Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was completed to determine the prevalence of SDB in our population. In addition, the association of risk factors with the disease was evaluated using a general health questionnaire. Comorbidities, dental malocclusions and the Mallampati Index were also studied in everyone. All the data was extracted and coded in an Excel spreadsheet for statistical analysis using prevalence ratio and Pearson’s Chi-square test, along with Cramer’s V test and Fisher’s test. Results: The prevalence of risk of SDB in the general population was 12.19%. Analysed independently by groups, patients with orthodontic appliances showed a prevalence of 15.97%, significantly higher than the healthy paediatric population (8.40%). Among the risk factors: age, habitual snoring, breastfeeding, obesity, asthma, allergy and respiratory habits showed significant differences with the risk of SDB (p<0.05). Among the comorbidities: excessive daytime sleepiness, neurocognitive alterations and nocturnal enuresis were decisive in the association with the risk of SDB (p<0.05). Regarding dental malocclusions, decreased midline, Angle class II/III, posterior crossbite and macroglossia also showed significant evidence with the disease (p<0.05). When calculating the Mallampati Index, this was significant (p<0.05) in grades III and IV when related to the risk of SRB. Conclusions: The prevalence obtained determines the relevance of the risk of SDB among paediatric society, being orthodontic patients a target population. The risk and association factors studied show a relationship with the high risk of SBD. For this reason, orthodontists should consider adding PSQ in their clinical practice for improve the early detection of SDB.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in a paediatric and adolescent population with and without orthodontic treatment, using a paediatric sleep questionnaire. To understand and analyse the risk factors and comorbidities associated with SDB in the study population. Materials and methods: In a total of 238 patients aged between 5 and 15 years old were divided in two groups (with and without orthodontic treatment) and a Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was completed to determine the prevalence of SDB in our population. In addition, the association of risk factors with the disease was evaluated using a general health questionnaire. Comorbidities, dental malocclusions and the Mallampati Index were also studied in everyone. All the data was extracted and coded in an Excel spreadsheet for statistical analysis using prevalence ratio and Pearson’s Chi-square test, along with Cramer’s V test and Fisher’s test. Results: The prevalence of risk of SDB in the general population was 12.19%. Analysed independently by groups, patients with orthodontic appliances showed a prevalence of 15.97%, significantly higher than the healthy paediatric population (8.40%). Among the risk factors: age, habitual snoring, breastfeeding, obesity, asthma, allergy and respiratory habits showed significant differences with the risk of SDB (p<0.05). Among the comorbidities: excessive daytime sleepiness, neurocognitive alterations and nocturnal enuresis were decisive in the association with the risk of SDB (p<0.05). Regarding dental malocclusions, decreased midline, Angle class II/III, posterior crossbite and macroglossia also showed significant evidence with the disease (p<0.05). When calculating the Mallampati Index, this was significant (p<0.05) in grades III and IV when related to the risk of SRB. Conclusions: The prevalence obtained determines the relevance of the risk of SDB among paediatric society, being orthodontic patients a target population. The risk and association factors studied show a relationship with the high risk of SBD. For this reason, orthodontists should consider adding PSQ in their clinical practice for improve the early detection of SDB.
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