Publication: Skeletal muscle fibre plasticity in response to selected environmental and physiological stimuli
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Date
2009
Authors
Matsakas, Antonios ; Patel, Ketan
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Skeletal muscle constitutes a highly
adaptable and malleable tissue that responds to
environmental and physiological challenges by changing
its phenotype in terms of size and composition,
outcomes that are brought about by changes in gene
expression, biochemical and metabolic properties. Both
the short- and long-term effects of nutritional alterations
on skeletal muscle homeostasis have been defined as the
object of intensive research over the last thirty years.
This review focuses predominantly on assimilating our
understanding of the changes in muscle fibre phenotype
and functional properties induced by either food
restriction or alternatively existing on a high fat diet.
Firstly, food restriction has been shown in a number of
studies to decrease the myofibre cross sectional area and
consistently, it has been found that glycolytic type IIB
fibres are more prone to atrophy than oxidative fibres.
Secondly, in rodents, a high fat diet has been shown to
induce an oxidative profile in skeletal muscle, although
obese humans usually show higher numbers of
glycolytic type IIB fibres. Moreover, attention is paid to
the effect of prenatal maternal food restriction on muscle
development of the offspring in various species. A key
point related to these experiments is the timing of food restriction for the mother. Furthermore, we explore
extensively the seemingly species-specific response to
maternal malnutrition. Finally, key signalling molecules
that play a pivotal role in energy metabolism, fibre type
transitions and muscle hypertrophy are discussed in
detail.
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