Publication: Estudio analítico de la influencia de la etnia y la religión en el inicio y duración de la lactancia materna
Authors
Requena Martínez, Verónica
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Escuela Internacional de Doctorado
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González Cuello, Ana María ; Requena Fernández, María Ángeles
Publisher
Universidad de Murcia
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Description
Abstract
Introducción: La lactancia materna (LM) es la alimentación recomendada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Las creencias, valores y tradiciones asociados a determinados grupos étnicos o religiosos pueden influir en la LM. Comprender estas diferencias culturales es esencial para diseñar intervenciones favorecedoras de la LM.
Objetivo principal: valorar la influencia de la etnia y la religión en el inicio y duración de la LM.
Material y método: el estudio se llevó a cabo en el Área Sanitaria de la Gerencia de Atención Integrada (GAI) de Hellín. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por mujeres con recién nacidos vivos en el Hospital de Hellín en 2017 y 2021, recogiendo información tanto del último parto como de partos anteriores. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante una encuesta telefónica, entre octubre de 2021 y marzo de 2023.
El análisis estadístico se ejecutó con SPSS v27 y GraphPad Prism v9, aplicando las pruebas de chi-cuadrado, Mann-Whitney y curvas ROC.
Resultados: en la GAI de Hellín, el 78.3 % de las mujeres iniciaron LM. A los 3 meses, continuaron el 59.7 % del total de la muestra; a los 6 meses, el 44.29 %; y a los 12 meses, el 31.87 % de las mujeres encuestadas.
En las mujeres de etnia gitana, la práctica de LM fue muy baja; al alta, solo el 25.6 % de las puérperas inició LM.
Las mujeres de etnia árabe presentaron tasas muy elevadas de LM; al alta, el 100 % inició LM
Respecto a las mujeres de etnia caucásica, los datos obtenidos fueron similares a la media nacional: iniciaron LM al alta el 80.3 %.
Entre los factores determinantes de la LM destacaron la edad de la madre y de la pareja, la nacionalidad, la etnia y la religión de ambos progenitores, así como el hecho de que el embarazo sea deseado y que la unidad de convivencia se limite a la pareja e hijos. También influyó la duración de la lactancia anterior y el apoyo recibido durante las primeras seis horas tras el parto, así como la opinión de la pareja y los familiares. La condición laboral de la madre, el nivel educativo de la pareja, y la analgesia epidural parecen influir en la práctica de LM. La pandemia por COVID-19 no mostró un impacto perceptible en la LM.
Discusión: los resultados evidenciaron una buena tasa de inicio de LM en la GAI de Hellín (78.3 %), con un descenso progresivo hasta alcanzar el 31.8 % al año, en línea con la media nacional. Las diferencias por origen étnico fueron notables: las mujeres árabes mostraron tasas elevadas de LM, mientras que las mujeres gitanas mostraron una práctica muy baja, coincidiendo con estudios previos que asocian esta baja prevalencia a factores socioculturales y maternos. El mantenimiento de la LM se relacionó con el deseo materno, el apoyo familiar y la experiencia previa, mientras que el abandono se asoció principalmente a causas maternas.
Conclusiones: la etnia y la religión de la madre y su pareja influyen en el inicio y duración de la LM.
Limitaciones: este estudio presenta limitaciones derivadas a la escasa representatividad de la muestra y de las dificultades en el reclutamiento y seguimiento de los participantes. El uso de información auto informada puede introducir sesgos.
Recomendaciones: se recomienda realizar estudios cualitativos con mujeres gitanas para profundizar en las barreras culturales y sociales que afectan la lactancia materna en este grupo. Asimismo, sería pertinente investigar el papel de la religión islámica en la promoción y el mantenimiento de la lactancia en mujeres árabes.
Introduction: Breastfeeding (BF) is the feeding method recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The beliefs, values and traditions associated with certain ethnic or religious groups can influence BF. Understanding these cultural differences is essential for designing interventions that promote BF. Main objective: to assess the influence of ethnicity and religion on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding. Material and method: the study was carried out in the Health Area of the Integrated Care Management of Hellin. The study population consisted of women with live births and previous births. Data collection was carried out by means of a telephone survey between October 2021 and March 2023. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v27 and GraphPad Prism v9, applying chi-square, Mann-Whitney and ROC curve tests. Results: In the Health Area of the Integrated Care Management of Hellin, 78,3% of women initiated BF. At 3 months, 59,7% of the total sample continued; at 6 months, 44,29%; and at 12 months, 31,87% of the women surveyed. Among Roma women, the practice of BF was very low; at discharge, only 25,6% of postpartum women initiated BF. Women of Arab ethnicity had very high rates of BF; at discharge, 100% had initiated BF. With regard to women of Caucasian ethnicity, the data obtained were similar to the national average: 80,3% had initiated BF at discharge. Among the determining factors for BF were the age of the mother and partner, the nationality, ethnicity, and religion of both parents, as well as wether the household consisted only of the couple and their children. The duration of previous breastfeeding and the support received during the first six hours after delivery also had an influence, as did the opinion of the partner and family members. The mother’s employment status, the couple’s educational level, and epidural analgesia appear to influence breastfeeding practices. The COVID-19 pandemic did not have a noticeable impact on breastfeeding. Discussion: The results showed a good rate of initiation of breastfeeding in the Health Area of the Integrated Care Management in Hellin (78,3%), with a progressive decline to 31,8% per year, in line with the national average. There were notable differences by ethnic origin: Arab women showed high rates of breastfeeding, while Roma women showed very low rates, consistent with previous studies that associate this low prevalence with sociocultural and maternal factors. Continued breastfeeding was related to maternal desire, family support and previous experience, while discontinuation was mainly associated with maternal causes. Conclusions: The ethnicity and religion of the mother and her partner influence the initiationd and duration of BF. Limitations: This study has limitations due to the low representativeness of the sample and difficulties in recruiting and following up participants. The use of self-reported information may introduce bias. Recommendations: Qualitative studies with Roma women are recommended to gain a deeper understanding of the cultural and social barriers affecting breastfeeding in this group. It would also be relevant to investigate the role of Islam in promoting and maintaining breastfeeding among Arab women
Introduction: Breastfeeding (BF) is the feeding method recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The beliefs, values and traditions associated with certain ethnic or religious groups can influence BF. Understanding these cultural differences is essential for designing interventions that promote BF. Main objective: to assess the influence of ethnicity and religion on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding. Material and method: the study was carried out in the Health Area of the Integrated Care Management of Hellin. The study population consisted of women with live births and previous births. Data collection was carried out by means of a telephone survey between October 2021 and March 2023. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v27 and GraphPad Prism v9, applying chi-square, Mann-Whitney and ROC curve tests. Results: In the Health Area of the Integrated Care Management of Hellin, 78,3% of women initiated BF. At 3 months, 59,7% of the total sample continued; at 6 months, 44,29%; and at 12 months, 31,87% of the women surveyed. Among Roma women, the practice of BF was very low; at discharge, only 25,6% of postpartum women initiated BF. Women of Arab ethnicity had very high rates of BF; at discharge, 100% had initiated BF. With regard to women of Caucasian ethnicity, the data obtained were similar to the national average: 80,3% had initiated BF at discharge. Among the determining factors for BF were the age of the mother and partner, the nationality, ethnicity, and religion of both parents, as well as wether the household consisted only of the couple and their children. The duration of previous breastfeeding and the support received during the first six hours after delivery also had an influence, as did the opinion of the partner and family members. The mother’s employment status, the couple’s educational level, and epidural analgesia appear to influence breastfeeding practices. The COVID-19 pandemic did not have a noticeable impact on breastfeeding. Discussion: The results showed a good rate of initiation of breastfeeding in the Health Area of the Integrated Care Management in Hellin (78,3%), with a progressive decline to 31,8% per year, in line with the national average. There were notable differences by ethnic origin: Arab women showed high rates of breastfeeding, while Roma women showed very low rates, consistent with previous studies that associate this low prevalence with sociocultural and maternal factors. Continued breastfeeding was related to maternal desire, family support and previous experience, while discontinuation was mainly associated with maternal causes. Conclusions: The ethnicity and religion of the mother and her partner influence the initiationd and duration of BF. Limitations: This study has limitations due to the low representativeness of the sample and difficulties in recruiting and following up participants. The use of self-reported information may introduce bias. Recommendations: Qualitative studies with Roma women are recommended to gain a deeper understanding of the cultural and social barriers affecting breastfeeding in this group. It would also be relevant to investigate the role of Islam in promoting and maintaining breastfeeding among Arab women
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Nacionalidad , Lactancia materna , Cultura , Etnia , Breastfeeding , Culture , Ethnicity , Religion , Nationality , Religión
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