Publication: Glucose transport and metabolism in chondrocytes: a key to understanding chondrogenesis, skeletal
development and cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis
Authors
Mobasheri, A. ; Vannucci, S.J. ; Bondy, C.A. ; Carter, S.D. ; Innes, J.F. ; Arteaga, M.F. ; Trujillo, E. ; Ferraz, I. ; Shakibaei, M. ; Martín Vasallo, P.
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Publisher
Murcia : F. Hernández
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DOI
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Description
Abstract
Despite the recognition that degenerative
cartilage disorders like osteoarthritis (OA) and
osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) may have nutritional
abnormalities at the root of their pathogenesis, balanced
dietary supplementation programs have played a
secondary role in their management. This review
emphasizes the importance and role of nutritional factors
such as glucose and glucose-derived sugars (i.e.
glucosamine sulfate and vitamin C) in the development,
maintenance, repair, and remodeling of cartilage.
Chondrocytes, the cells of cartilage, consume glucose as
a primary substrate for ATP production in glycolysis and
utilize glucosamine sulfate and other sulfated sugars as
structural components for extracellular matrix synthesis
and are dependant on hexose uptake and delivery to
metabolic and biosynthetic pools. Data from several
laboratories suggests that chondrocytes express multiple
isoforms of the GLUT/SLC2A family of glucose/polyol
transporters. These facilitative glucose transporter
proteins are expressed in a tissue and cell-specific
manner, exhibit distinct kinetic properties, and are
developmentally regulated. They may also be regulated
by endocrine factors like insulin and insulin-like growth
factor I (IGF-I) and cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta
(IL-1ß) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a).
Recent studies suggest that degeneration of cartilage
may be triggered by metabolic disorders of glucose
balance and that OA occurs coincident with metabolic
disease, endocrine dysfunction and diabetes mellitus.
Based on these metabolic, endocrine and developmental considerations we present a novel hypothesis regarding
the role of glucose transport and metabolism in cartilage
physiology and pathophysiology and speculate that
supplementation with sugar-derived vitamins and
nutraceuticals may benefit patients with degenerative
joint disorders.
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